THE NEW YORK POST says: According to a dispatch from Berlin, published in the English papers, the pope of Rome sent in August last a very curious letter to the emperor, William of Germany—a letter in which the venerable pontiff has forgotten to use his customary elegance of epistolary diction. In this letter, the pope complains that the emperor's government has lately adopted measures which aim more and more at the destruction of Catholicism, and he adds:— “I am informed that your Majesty does not countenance the proceedings of your government, and does not approve the harshness of the measures adopted against the Catholic religion. If, then, it be true that your Majesty does not approve thereof—and the letters which your august Majesty has addressed to me formerly might sufficiently demonstrate that you cannot approve that which is now occurring—if, I say, your Majesty does not approve your government continuing in the path it has chosen of further extending its rigorous measures against the religion of Jesus Christ, whereby the latter is most injuriously affected, will your Majesty, then, not become convinced that these measures have no other object than that of undermining your Majesty's own throne? I speak with frankness, for my banner is truth. I speak in order to fulfill one of my duties, which consists in telling the truth to all, even to those who are not Catholics, for every one who has been baptized belongs in some way or other—which to define more precisely would be here out of place—belongs, I say, to the pope. I cherish the conviction that your Majesty will receive my observations with your usual goodness, and will adopt the measures necessary in the present case. “While offering to your most gracious Majesty the expression of my devotion and esteem, I pray to God that he may infold your Majesty and myself in one and the same bond of mercy. Pio.” To this the emperor replies that the pope is misinformed as to the aid and scope of the measures of the German government; complains of the organization within his realm of political intrigues in which Roman Catholic priests are prominent; and though he does not consider it his mission “to investigate the causes by which the clergy and the faithful of one Christian denomination can be induced actively to assist the enemies of all law,” he announces his determination to protect eternal peace, and preserve the authority of his government by worldly means. The emperor then gives utterance to the following singular expressions:— “I willingly entertain the hope that your Holiness, upon being informed of the true position of affairs, will use your authority to put an end to the agitation carried on amid deplorable distortion of the truth and abuse of priestly authority. The religion of Jesus Christ has, as I attest to your Holiness before God, nothing to do with these intrigues any more than has truth, to whose banner, invoked by your Holiness, I unreservedly subscribe. “There is one more expression in the letter of your Holiness which I cannot pass over without contradiction, although it is not based upon previous information, but upon the belief of your Holiness—namely, the expression that every one who has received baptism belongs to the pope. The evangelical creed, which, as must be known to your Holiness, I, like my ancestors and the majority of my subjects, profess, does not permit us to accept, in our relations with God, any other mediator than our Lord Jesus Christ. The difference in belief does not prevent me from living in peace with those who do not share mine. And offering your Holiness the expression of my personal devotion and esteem, I, etc. Here, then, is presented the extraordinary spectacle of a Protestant monarch offering theological information to the infallible pope! Where, oh! where are the “thunders of the Vatican”? What a different scene is this from that offered by another German Emperor—in the days of the “Holy Roman Empire”—who was glad to hold the horse of the pontiff, and help him to dismount! Times have changed indeed.