Facts Concerning Our Country.
ALIEN PASSENGERS TO THE UNITED STATES BY SEA.
In the ten years previous to June 1, 1840, 552,000. In the ten years previous to June 1, 1850, 1,558,300. In the ten years previous to June 1, 1860, 2,707,624. TOTAL VALUE OF REAL ESTATE IN THE UNITED STATES.
By the Seventh Census, 1850, $7,135,780,228. By the Eighth Census, 1860, $16,159,616,068. Increase, $8,925,481,011; or 126.45 per cent. WEALTH OF THE UNITED STATES IN 1860.
An approximate estimate, made with care for Hunt's Merchant's Magazine, sums up as follows: $16,588,356,338. NATIONAL INCOME IN 1800, $86,303,282. NATIONAL INCOME IN 1860, $1,969,088,610.
It thus appears that in the first sixty years of this century there has been an increase of national income from 86 millions to nearly 2,000 millions; the power of production having been rapidly increased by the various uses of steam in manufacture and transportation, and by the invention of labor-saving machines. Among the important public measures passed by the Thirty-seventh Congress, whose session was one of the most eventful in history, was the free homestead act, offering the public lands in quarter sections to those who will settle and cultivate them at the cost of survey and transfer; the Pacific Railroad act, authorizing the construction of a railroad connecting the Atlantic and Pacific coasts; financial measures appropriating $2,277,000,000 for the suppression of the rebellion; a National Militia bill, putting the whole military strength of the loyal states at the command of the President; a Letter of Marque bill, enabling the President to cover every sea with privateers; and a bill of indemnity, relieving the President from any legal consequences arising from false arrest or imprisonment, and authorizing him to suspend the right of habeas corpus at his pleasure in every state of the Union. The total population of the United States by the eighth census was 31,445,080; an increase of 35½ per cent. from the census of 1850. The number of slaves was 3,953,760. There were 15,077 deaf and dumb persons; 12,635 blind; 23,999 insane;1518,865 idiotic. Thus far in the history of the country, no state has declined in population. The increase in some of the states has been small. That of Vermont for the last ten years was but one third of one per cent.; New Hampshire, 2½ per cent.; South Carolina, 5½ per cent.; Maine 7½ per cent.; Tennessee, 10⅔ per cent.; Virginia, 12¼ per cent. Illinois presents the most wonderful example of great, continuous, and healthful increase. In 1830, its population was 157,445; in 1840, 476,183; in 1850, 851,470; in 1860, 1,711,951; a gain for the last ten years of over 101 per cent. The fifteen slave states contain 12,240,000 inhabitants, of whom 8,039,000 are whites, 251,000 free blacks, and 3,950,000 slaves. The gain of the whole population of these states, from 1850 to 1860, was 2,627,000, or 27⅓ per cent. The increase of slaves was 749,931, or 23½ per cent. The nineteen free states and seven territories, with the District of Columbia, contain 19,201,456 inhabitants, of whom 18,936,579 were whites, and 237,218 free colored. The increase was 5,598,603, or 41¼ per cent.