Earlier text: FATHERS OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCHELI WHITNEY AND THE COTTON-GIN.
By Harper's Young People
ELI WHITNEY at first intended to adopt teaching as his profession. His heart was wrapped up in mechanics, but he was poor, and could see no way in which he could follow his natural bent. Not long after graduating, therefore, he accepted an engagement as a tutor in the family of a gentleman who lived in Georgia. It was a fortunate accident that, while on his way to the South, young Whitney made the acquaintance of the widow of the famous Revolutionary hero, General Nathaniel Greene. This lady, who lived near Savannah, at once took a liking to him, and on their arrival in Georgia invited him to stay for a while at her home. This was all the more agreeable as Whitney found, to his disappointment, that the gentleman who had engaged him had selected another tutor. Mrs. Greene kindly cheered him, and told him to make her house his home. Thus left without the employment which had been promised him, Whitney again turned his attention to his first love, mechanics. It happened that an occasion soon arose when he was able to show his generous hostess and friend how skillful he was in mechanical devices. The good lady was fond of embroidery, but found that the tambour, or frame upon which she did her delicate work, was not well fitted for that purpose. Whitney eagerly assured her that he could make her a frame that would serve her much better. He set cheerfully to work, and had soon completed a frame far superior to the old one. This proof of his inventive talent greatly impressed Mrs. Greene, and soon opened to the young man the grand opportunity of his life. It was not long after that Mrs Greene entertained a number of her husband's old army friends at Mulberry Grove, her home. One day the conversation happened to turn upon the cotton production of the Southern States. One of the officers remarked that cotton could be easily raised all through the South, but that so long as it required so much labor to separate the cotton from its seed, the cotton crop could not be made a profitable one. If any device could be found, he added, by which the cotton could be easily cleaned, the production of cotton would become an enormously paying industry. "Gentlemen," said Mrs. Greene, who was listening intently to the talk, "tell this to my young friend, Mr. Whitney. I verily believe he can make anything." Now Whitney had never seen a piece of cotton in his life; none the less he promptly made up his mind that he would devote his every energy to solving the problem thus put to him. He first examined some cotton, and saw at once what the task was he had to perform. He had no tools with which to begin his work, but he sturdily set about making some. In less than ten days he had completed his first model of a cotton-cleaning machine. He was delighted with its success, and went on improving it by every device he could think of. In two or three months he had perfected a perfectly practicable working cotton-gin. It was speedily proved that this machine, which could be worked by a single man or woman, could clean more cotton in a single day than could be done by a man or woman, in the old manual method, in several months. The immense utility of the cotton-gin was at once recognized throughout the South; and now Whitney suffered, as so many inventors have suffered before him, from the dishonesty of greedy money-makers. The building in which his cotton-gin was kept was broken into, and the cotton-gin taken away. It was at once copied, and put into use in various places before he could get his patent. The fruits of his great invention were thus stolen from him. Although he got several patents, he never grew rich, as so many Southern planters did by the use of his machine. In vain he petitioned Congress for redress and compensation. The inventor of the cotton-gin, by which he undoubtedly created the wealth and power of nearly every Southern State, lived and died almost in a state of poverty. But his was a patient and heroic spirit. He bore the injustice of men and the ingratitude of his country with cheerful serenity, and died assured at least of a deathless fame, with his name enrolled high up on the list of America's greatest inventors. THE most important mineral industry in Alameda County is the recovery of salt from the waters of San Francisco Bay. This business is carried on extensively upon the east shore of the bay, in the neighborhood of Alvarado and Mt. Eden. At the former place Messrs. Plummer, Barton, Quigley, and others have their works; at Mt. Eden are the works of P. Marsicano and the Union Pacific. Two methods are employed in Alameda County for the recovery of salt from sea-water. One is by complete natural evaporation and gathering the residue; the other by allowing tanks of sea-water to evaporate until a saturated solution is obtained, from which the salt is recovered as it crystallizes. The first process is in use in the salt-ponds of the Messrs. Quigley of Alvarado. At these works a pond covering 400 acres and surrounded by a levee, is filled with sea-water at spring tide. This pond is divided into tanks. There are three tanks side by side, covering an area of 400 acres. As the density of the water in the tanks increases by evaporation, it is pumped by windmills from the two outside tanks to the center one until it is filled with strong brine. This brine is then pumped into a reservoir of thirty to forty acres in extent, which is filled to a depth of twelve to thirteen inches. Here the density of the liquid rapidly increases, and the salt commences to crystallize. When a crust one and a half inches in thickness has formed upon the floor of the pond, the salt is scraped up. After gathering the salt, whatever mother liquor (bittern) remains is run off, no effort being made to recover any of the elements it may contain. The best and whitest salt is obtained in warm, windy weather, the wind forming ripples in the solution, which wash the rapidly forming crystals. In still, hot weather the salt has a yellow tinge. It takes about three years for a pond to get into a suitable condition for the production of salt. In that time a peculiar "skin" grows over the bottom, thus protecting the solution from contamination by earthy matter. These works have been running for twenty years. Their output has been from 2,500 to 3,000 tons per annum. The second process is in use at the California and Union Pacific Salt Works, in the vicinity of Mt. Eden. The works of the California Salt Company are situated about half a mile southwest from Mt. Eden railroad depot. The plant consists of fifty salt ponds, which are arranged in "schools" (rows), together with several large reservoirs, one of which is three miles in circumference, the whole covering 2,000 acres of land. The sea-water is let into the larger reservoirs, and from there is pumped by windmill into the smaller ponds, and from one pond into another, each pond increasing in the density of its solution. When a saturated solution has been obtained, the salt crystallizes upon the surface; it then falls to the bottom of the liquid, where it accumulates. When it has collected to a depth of three or four inches, it is raked out and piled on platforms to dry. The crude material thus obtained is shipped from these works to San Francisco, where it is manufactured into the finer grades of salt by the American Salt Company. In their works the salt is placed in galvanized iron driers, heated by steam, each drier having a capacity of twenty-two tons per day. When thoroughly dried it is ground in burrmills to various degrees of fineness, for dairy and household use. The capacity of the California Salt Works at Mt. Eden is 15,000 tons per annum; that of the mills of the American Salt Company, in San Francisco, 1,200 tons per month.—Pacific Rural Press. CAVE DWELLERS FOUND IN MEXICO.
A DISPATCH from Deming, New Mexico, says: "Lieutenant Schwatka has arrived here. His party has been successful beyond expectations in their explorations, and especially in Southern Chihuahua, where living cliff and cave dwellers were found in great abundance, wild as any of the Mexican tribes at the time of Cortez's conquest. The abodes they live in are exactly similar to the old, abandoned cliff dwellings of Arizona and New Mexico, about which there has been much speculation.429It was almost impossible to get near them, so wild and timid were they. Upon the approach of white people, they flee to their caves by notched sticks placed against the face of the cliffs, if steep, although they can ascend vertical stone faces if there are the slightest crevices for their fingers and toes. "These cliff dwellers are sun worshipers, putting their new-born children out in the full rays of the sun the first day of their lives, and showing many other forms of devotion to the great luminary. They are usually tall, lean, and well-formed, their skin being a blackish red, much nearer the color of the negro than the copper-colored Indian of the United States. "Schwatka claims that nothing has heretofore been known about these people, except by the half-Indian mountain Mexicans, and thinks his investigation will be of immense anthropological and archæological value. He estimates the cave and cliff dwellers to be from 3,000 to 12,000 in number, armed only with bows, arrows, and stone hatchets."—Scientific American. THE MOTHER'S HYMN.
By William Cullen Bryant
Lord, who ordainest for mankind
Benignant toils and tender cares,
We thank thee for the ties that bind
The mother to the child she bears. We thank thee for the hopes that rise
Within her heart, as, day by day,
The dawning soul, from those young eyes,
Looks with a clearer, steadier ray. And, grateful for the blessing given,
With that dear infant on her knee,
She trains the eye to look to Heaven,
The voice to lisp a prayer to thee. Such thanks the blessed Mary gave,
When from her lap the Holy Child,
Sent from on high to seek and save
The lost of earth, looked up and smiled. All-Gracious! grant to those who bear
A mother's charge, the strength and light
To guide the feet that own their care
In ways of love and truth and right.
—William Cullen Bryant. MISCHIEF-MAKERS IN FOOD.
By Alice B. Tweedy
VERY recently it was announced by Proust that the bicarbonate of soda used as a preservative of milk formed a compound particularly injurious to children—i. e., the lactate of soda. There appears to be great danger, in the newly aroused fear of fermentative changes in food and of the baneful products of the busy bacilli, that any vaunted preservative or germicide may be greedily seized upon at once, without thought as to the innocence of its chemical activity. This easy credence in antiseptics seems to be characteristic of the minds that shrink with most unreasoning fear from every advance in bacteriological research. Not long since, a novelist, more imaginative than scientific, arraigned science because "the idea of the common bacillus is more dreadful than that of the cholera." This, as an outburst of ignorance, would be excusable, preferring the known horror to the immeasurable unknown. But, to one acquainted with the fact that infinitesimal life swarms about and within us, why should it be terrible to learn that some forms are coincident with disease? If we thrive upon palpitant air, drink water populated with bacteria, and shelter millions of microbes in our bodies, why should we tremble to find a few unfriendly species that we cannot safely entertain? We talk glibly of "pure air," and "pure water;" but, to be exact, we have only a laboratory knowledge of either, and might as well try to rid ourselves of our surplus population as to provide ourselves with these elements in a sterilized state. "Dead" and "undesirable" may be equivalent terms in regard to air and water, but we do not yet know whether they can be applied to food. All of the bacilli that visit our articles of diet seem to herald some fermentative or putrefactive change. Sometimes these are agreeable to us, and we aid them in their work of creating yeast, wine, and koumiss. Even then we watch closely and fix a limit to their activity. Generally, we are squeamish about their advent in meat, milk, cheese, or eggs, having dire experience of the alkaloids that they manufacture. It is the physiological result of their sojourn in the food that constitutes the danger—the unfortunate remainder, or ptomaine, that may be fatal to us. This ptomaine is an alkaloid formed from the medium in which the organism exists and includes whatever substance may be left of the bacterium itself. Just as man changes the atmosphere about him by exhaling carbonic-acid gas and various solid particles of matter, so the bacillus decomposes the tissues and fluids of the body in which it resides. Nothing more wonderful than this work of disintegration is revealed to us in the economy of nature. The picture of species after species accomplishing, by a brief life, one step toward the final resolution of organic matter into the elementary products, is not surpassed by a study of the glacial chiseling of the rocks, nor of the marvellous influence of the earth worm in fructifying the soil.—Alice B. Tweedy, in the Popular Science Monthly for June. A GENTLEMAN was walking in Regent's Park, in London, and he met a man whose only home was in the poorhouse. He had come out to take the air, and excited the gentleman's interested attention. "Well, my friend," said the gentleman, getting into conversation, "it is a pity that a man like you should be situated just as you are. Now, may I ask how old you are?" The man said that he was eighty years of age. "Had you any trade before you became penniless?" "Yes, I was a carpenter." "Did you use intoxicating drink?" "No, O no; I only took my beer; never anything stronger; nothing but my beer." "How much did your beer come to a day?" "Oh, a sixpence a day, I suppose." "Well, I suppose for sixty years." The gentleman had taken out his notebook, and he continued figuring with his pencil, while he went on talking with the man. "Now, let me tell you," said he, as he finished his calculations, "how much that beer cost you, my man. You can go over the figures yourself." And the gentleman demonstrated that the money, a sixpence a day for sixty years, expended in beer, would, if it had been saved and placed at interest, have yielded him nearly eight hundred dollars a year, or an income of fifteen dollars a week for self-support. "Let me tell you how much one gallon of whisky cost," said a judge after trying a case: "One gallon of whisky made two men murderers; it made two wives widows; and it made eight children orphans."—Temperance Banner. GOOD-NATURE, like a bee, collects honey from every herb. Ill-nature, like a spider, sucks poison from the sweetest flower. HOW BOHEMIAN GLASS IS COLORED.
THE ornamentation of the glass is done partly in connection with the exposure in the furnace, and partly in the finishing shops, where the work is completed by cutting, polishing, tarnishing, etching, painting, and mounting in metal. The glass houses have at their command a very complete color-scale for transparent, opaque, and clouded glasses. But it must not be supposed that a crucible is placed in the furnace for each color, from which glass colored for each ornament is to be made. The colors are worked out by means of what are called pastes, which are kept on hand in sticks or cakes. From pieces of these pastes previously warmed till they are soft, suitable quantities are cut off, laid upon the foundation of white or colored glass, and then spread out by drawing or blowing. By this means only is an economical use of such costly materials as gold and silver compositions possible. Some of the glasses thus treated—gold, copper, and silver glasses—remain still little, or not at all, colored after the melting, shaping, and quick cooling; and do not take on their bright hues till they are reheated. This is the case with the yellow-silver glass, which continues uncolored after the intermelting of the silver salt until it is exposed in the furnace again. Very fine effects are produced by blending or overrunning of the paste-colors provided proper attention is given to the laws of harmony. A blue glass cup is, for example, overlaid with silver glass at its upper edge, and this is drawn down in gradually thinner tones till it fades away at the foot of the vase. Gold and copper-ruby colors are thus combined with green glasses, etc. Another brilliant effect is produced when a still hot bulb of glass is rolled in finely pulverized aventurine glass, and after this is melted, and previous to the shaping of the vessel, is overlaid with a coating of either colored or colorless glass.—Christian at Work. Tobacco Use Decreasing at Yale
The use of tobacco at Yale College is decreasing every year, owing to the example set by the athletic associations, which do not allow their members to smoke or chew. Gymnasiums have a wide influence over the health of college students. The Evils of Fermented Wine
By John Ellis, M. D.
INTOXICATING drinks, even the single article of fermented wine, has hurt and killed more of the human family than all other poisons or evil uses pertaining to food and drink put together. It has done it more insidiously, more cruelly, and has perverted the passions and appetites of men immeasurably more than all other poisons. It has caused more wretchedness, poverty, domestic unhappiness, and crime, than all other poisons put together. It so clearly belongs to the evil uses, which have their origin from hell, that it seems strange that any intelligent Christian should for a moment claim that fermented wine is a good and useful article to drink, when in health. In sickness the chemical elements of fermented wine may be curative in very rare instances. Chemistry shows conclusively that it is in no true sense the fruit of the vine; that almost all of the organized substances contained in the juice of the grape have been either partially or totally destroyed, precipitated, changed, and perverted by leaven or ferment. Can an evil substance, like leaven, bring forth good fruit?—John Ellis, M. D. —July 1, 15,000 workmen struck at Brunn, Austria. —July 1, the business part of Durango, Colo., was destroyed by fire. —The amount of cash in the United States Treasury on the 1st inst., was $643,713,172. —The Bulgarian Government has secured a loan of $5,000,000 from a New York bank. —July 3, an explosion in a coal pit at St. Etienne, France, caused the death of 213 persons. —On the night of July 2 a water spout burst over the city of Altoona, Pa., doing considerable damage. —Governor Beaver, of Pennsylvania, thinks that the people of Johnstown will soon be self-sustaining. —Three drunken men engaged in a fight near Omaha, July 4, were run over by an engine and killed. —Two men were killed, and one or two injured in a railroad accident at Jamestown, New York, on the 6th inst. —It is said that the Papal Nuncio at Vienna, Austria, has advised the Vatican that war is imminent in Europe. —The Department of State has been notified that the Island of Suwarow in the Pacific Ocean has been annexed the British Crown. —July 2, Hailey, Idaho Ter., suffered a loss of a million and a half dollars by fire. There was also a destructive fire in Carson City, Nevada. —Glasgow, Mo., was the scene of a fierce riot on the 29th ult., in which three men were fatally wounded and six others severely injured. —Five persons were killed by the cars at Little Silver Crossing, near Long Branch, N. J., on the 5th inst. They were crossing the track in a carriage. —It is reported that the Irish-Americans have determined to purchase Lower California from Mexico, and found there an Irish-American Republic. —At Washington, Pa., July 2, lightning struck a forty-thousand barrel oil tank containing 26,000 barrels of oil, setting it on fire. The oil was a total loss. —The monthly statement to the Treasury Department shows that the public debt was decreased during the month of June to the extent of $16,255,950. —It is said that the American exhibit at the Paris exhibition is entirely unworthy of this country. In fact, it is said that the show made by Americans is wretched. —It has been stated that the Pope proposes to leave Rome in case the powers of Europe refuse to interest themselves to secure what he is pleased to call his rights. —The report that Costa Rica would oppose the building of the Nicaragua Canal is denied. The canal will be of great benefit to that country as well as to Nicaragua. —Active operations commenced in the United States Navy Yard at Norfolk, Va., on the 1st inst. The force employed there is to be increased at once to about 1,500 men. —A grand stand at Oklahoma fell on the 4th inst., with nearly a thousand people, who were witnessing races. Nearly a score of lives were lost, and many persons were injured. —June 30, thirty-six buildings with a large quantity of machinery were burned at Luneberg, Germany. The roof of St. Nicholas Church was also destroyed. Loss 12,000,000 marks. —One of the silver vaults at Washington, D. C., was flooded on the 1st inst., with about two inches of water. We are gravely told by the press dispatches that the silver was uninjured. —July 4, the big brewery of Falk, Jugn & Borchert, near Milwaukee, was destroyed by fire. The loss is $1,000,000. When the big vats of beer bursted, the liquor ran in the streets seven inches deep. —On the 4th inst., an eighteen-year old boy was shot dead by the Assistant Superintendent of the Industrial School in San Francisco. The boy was a hard character, and was attempting to escape from the institution. —Millet's great masterpiece, "The Angelus," was sold at Paris on the 1st inst., for 154,000 francs. It is said that such a scene was never before witnessed at an auction of the modern painting. The picture will remain in France. —July 6, the great strike at Duluth, Minn., culminated in a riot in which 30 determined policemen were pitted against 3,000 desperate men armed with pistols, stones, and clubs. Over thirty persons were wounded, some of them fatally. —It is said that the internal revenue receipts steadily increase. In 1885 they were $112,421,121. This year they reached nearly $131,000,000. —It is asserted that the defects in the Charleston, the new crusader recently built by the Union Iron Works in San Francisco, are due solely to the plans of the vessel furnished by the Government, and that they are no fault of the contractors. —The coroner's jury at Johnstown has rendered a verdict, the last sentence of which runs as follows: "We hold that the owners of the South Fork Dam are responsible for the fearful loss of life and property resulting from the breaking of the dam." —It seems that the English occupation of Egypt is not entirely peaceful. Recent advices state that British and English troops engaged a band of Dervishes and that five hundred of the latter were killed and wounded. The Egyptian loss was seventy. —It is said that the Persian Minister will probably be withdrawn from Washington, as a mark of the Shah's great displeasure toward this country. His Royal Highness is said to have taken offense at what the American papers have said about him. —Judges Tully, Horton, and Collins, of Chicago, setting in bank on the 5th inst., refused to dissolve the injunction to prevent the Board of Trade from giving its quotations to bucket shops. The bucket shop men are very much pleased with their victory. —July 4, a reception was given by Minister Lincoln and wife in London in recognition of the day. There was an enormous crowd in attendance, and the building was decorated with American and English flags. Mr. Lincoln is very popular in London. —July 3, there was a cloud burst at Titusville, Pa. The rain fall was such that the stream running through the town became a furious torrent, and fully three miles of streets were flooded. Women and children were moved to places of safety on rafts. The damage to property was considerable. —Johnstown, Pa., has again been visited by high water. On the night of the 2nd inst., several families were driven out of their houses in Cambria City, and considerable furniture, etc., saved from the big flood, was destroyed. Some of the temporary bridges built since the great flood were washed away. —It has been discovered that there is a strong gang of counterfeiters operating upon the Pacific Coast. It is believed by Government Officers that wealthy and influential men are concerned in the scheme. It has been said that so much counterfeit coin has been sent afloat, that there is more of the spurious than genuine coin circulating in Alaska. —A furious storm swept over Franklin, Pa., on the 3d inst., doing immense damage to property, destroying growing crops, and leveling barns and derricks in all directions. Cellars were flooded and out houses washed away. Serious damage was also done on the same day by lightning and rain through central Ohio. A number of lives were lost. The greatest part of the casualties were due to lightning. —Sedalia, Mo., is a city of about 20,000 inhabitants and two "madstones" are owned there. One of the doctors of the town has dared to doubt the efficacy of these stones and offered $500 in cash to any one who would agree to be bitten by a mad dog and rely solely on the stones for a cure. He was immediately besieged by applications both by person, letter, and telegram, offering to be bitten, and was compelled to withdraw the reward. The matter of the efficacy of the stones is still in dispute. —The City of Naples, in Italy, is to be rebuilt. The plans contemplate the demolition of 17,000 houses and 62 churches in the most thickly settled and most squalid parts of the city. The streets are narrow and the whole city is most insufferable filthy. The streets are to be widened and the population of the quarter to be renovated which is now about 600 to the acre, it is to be reduced about one-half. The cost of these improvements will be enormous and the funds are to be furnished principally by the Italian Government. —The Bible has to be printed in twenty-nine different languages to supply the people living in Pennsylvania. —The total number of Jesuits scattered over the globe in purely missionary work is 2,377. These are of various nationalities, but the vast majority are French. —The total number of adherents of the Roman Catholic Church in Africa is about 210,000, with 417 priests and 954 educational institutions. In north Africa the converts number 114,825; in west Africa, 31,700; in south Africa, 18,248; in east Africa, 16,300. The remainder are mostly in Madagascar and Mauritius. The total population of Africa is estimated at 300,000,000. —The receipts of the Congregational Union for the year ending June 1 were $116,988.08, or $31,963.46 more than for the year before. The receipts for the first five months of 1889 were $68,000, or $13,000 more than for the corresponding months of 1888. There were completed in the year 99 houses of worship and 52 parsonages, or 19 more buildings than in 1888. There are outstanding pledges to 69 churches for aid in building houses of worship or parsonages, and money is in the treasury to meet these. MORONG.—Died at Oakland, Cal., June 25, 1889, of consumption, Aaron Morong, aged 48 years, 10 months, and 13 days. Brother Morong accepted the truth three years ago, and had been a member of the Oakland church about two years at the time of his death. Several months before his death, while at Fresno, Cal., he was led to seek a deeper experience in things pertaining to the Christian life, and during his final sickness gave every evidence of his complete acceptance with God. He leaves a wife who mourns her loss, not, however, without hope. Remarks by the writer, from Rev. 14:13. J. W. Scoles. Publishers' Department.
By Editor
The above is the title of an important new pamphlet which we have just issued. The object of the work is "to defend the faith of Seventh-day Adventists on the single point of the change of the Sabbath, and who is responsible for that change." All the evidence is from those who favored the observance of Sunday. Here will be found a strong array of testimony against the idea that there is any Scriptural authority for Sunday keeping, and all this evidence is given by those who Believe in the Observance of Sunday.
In reading this pamphlet one cannot but wonder how any one will persist in keeping Sunday when its own friends give such overwhelming testimony against it. "The Origin and Growth of Sunday Observance" contains 96 pages, and has a neat cover. Price, POSTPAID, 10 CENTS.
Buy it! Read it! Circulate it! Address.
Pacific Press Publishing Company,
Or 43 Bond St., New York. Oakland, Cal. The Teachers' Outlook
By Editor
Published by the Teachers' Publishing Company, Des Moines, Iowa. A monthly magazine for teachers and pupils that proposes to supplement other school journals rather than to occupy the same field. It will seek to provide an OUTLOOK upon affairs of life and facts in science and nature which illustrate and test theories; to stimulate thought and give the teacher's mind a fresh source of inspiration. A review of current events, civil and industrial problems, inventors, discoveries, etc., will be an important feature of the magazine, and a complete review of current literature will also be given by competent critics. ANOTHER AND VERY IMPORTANT FEATURE of the magazine will be that all teachers and students are invited to join its circle of writers, out of which it proposes to draw its corps of future contributors. On this point it has some original plans of mutual helpfulness to carry out. WANTED, ESPECIALLY—Writers of short, realistic stories and articles on natural history and social science from the Pacific Coast on terms given in OUTLOOK. Sample copies 20c; none free. Civil Government and Religion
By A. T. Jones
By A. T. JONES,
One of the Editors of the "American Sentinel." Scriptural, Logical, Plain, and Forcible.
This important work shows clearly the relation that should exist between Church and State at the present time, as proven by the Bible history of the past twenty-five centuries. Chap. I distinguishes between "What Is Due to God and What to Cæsar;" Chap. II shows for what purpose "The Powers That Be" are ordained; Chap. III outlines vividly the relation that existed between "Christianity and the Roman Empire;" Chap. IV ably discusses "The Religious Attack upon the United States Constitution, and Those Who Are Making It;" Chap. V unmasks "Religious Legislation," calling special attention to the Blair Sunday Bill, now pending in Congress; Chap. VI is devoted to "The Sunday-law Movement in the Fourth Century, and its parallel in the Nineteenth." These and other topics of equal interest make this treatise INDISPENSABLE TO EVERY LOVER OF CIVIL AND RELIGIOUS LIBERTY. "CIVIL GOVERNMENT AND RELIGION" is a pamphlet of 176 large octavo pages. Price, 25 cents. Millions of Copies should be placed in the hands of thinking people AT ONCE. It clearly defines what position we, as American citizens, should sustain toward the effort now on foot to secure religious legislation Address,
AMERICAN SENTINEL,
1059 Castro St., Oakland, Cal.
Or, 43 Bond St., New York. Of the S. D. A. Year Books for 1889
It is the most complete and best one ever issued. SEND 15 CENTS FOR A COPY. PACIFIC PRESS PUBLISHING CO., This pamphlet contains the arguments in behalf of the rights of American citizens, and in opposition to the Blair Sunday-Rest Bill, which Mr. Jones presented before the Senate Committee on Education and Labor, December 13, 1888.
Dr. Wilbur F. Crafts has pronounced the report as published "MIGHTY INTERESTING READING,"
And Mr. Jones's comments will make it more so. His argument is enlarged to what it would have been without Senator Blair's interruptions, objections, and counter-arguments, and is accompanied with answers to all of his objections and counter-arguments. NO EARTHLY THEOCRACY—NO SUNDAY LAWS.
95 Mr. Jones.—But no government but a theocracy can enforce such laws. Senator Blair.—Then unless we have a theocracy, we shall have no Sabbath. Mr. Jones.—We shall have no laws regulating the Sabbath. Senator Blair.—The Sabbath did not descend to the Jews and to all mankind, because there was a theocratic form of government among the Jews. How did the Sabbath come to mankind at large, when there was no theocratic form of government? Mr. Jones.—Those nations never kept it. Nobody but the Jews ever kept it. Senator Blair.—They could have kept it, because you say the Sabbath existed for all; not for the Jews alone, but for the human race. Mr. Jones.—Certainly, but if they did not keep it, it would do no good. Senator Blair.—It did not exist for good, then? Mr. Jones.—Certainly; a thing may exist for my good, and I may refuse to use it, as thousands do the salvation of Christ. Senator Blair.—I was taking your statement as true that it did exist for good outside of the Jews. Mr. Jones.—I said it was for the good of man. The Saviour said it was for the good of man. The Saviour died for the good of man. Senator Blair.—You would abolish the Sabbath, anyway? Mr. Jones.—Yes, in the civil law. Senator Blair.—You would abolish any Sabbath from human practice which shall be in the form of law, unless the individual here and there sees fit to observe it? Specimen page from "National Sunday Law." As the Sunday question is now a living issue, this treatise will be interesting to all classes, especially legislators, lawyers, judges, and other public men. The argument is Based on Scripture and History, Constitution and Law,
Showing the limits of the civil power, the unconstitutionality of the Sunday Bill, an analysis of the Sunday laws and other religious legislation of the different States, the Sunday-law movement of the fourth century, the Sunday-law movement of the nineteenth century, the methods used in securing indorsements to the petition for the Blair Bill, and the workings of such Sunday laws as are proposed for the United States. Address, AMERICAN SENTINEL, 1059 Castro St., Oakland, Cal.; 43 Bond St., New York.
THE WORK CONTAINS 192 PAGES. PRICE, 25 CENTS.