Review and Herald, Vol. 77, No. 45. (11/6/1900)

Review and Herald

Nov 6, 1900

Seventh-day Adventist Publishing Association · Battle Creek, Mich. · Nov 6, 1900

THE TEMPLE OF GOD.

By Ellen G. White

MRS. E. G. WHITE.

“Know ye not,” Paul asks, “that ye are the temple of God, and that the Spirit of God dwelleth in you? If any man defile the temple of God, him shall God destroy; for the temple of God is holy, which temple ye are.” Man is God’s workmanship, his masterpiece, created for a high and holy purpose; and on every part of the human tabernacle God desires to write his law. Every nerve and muscle, every mental and physical endowment, is to be kept pure.

God designs that the body shall be a temple for his Spirit. How solemn then is the responsibility resting on every soul. If we defile our bodies, we are doing harm not only to ourselves, but to many others. Christians are under obligation to God to keep soul, body, and spirit free from all that defiles; for they have been bought with a price. He who defiles himself by false doctrines or by any unholy practice, is helping to defile the church; for his influence is corrupting.

How many there are, blessed with reason and intelligence, talents which should be used to the glory of God, who willfully degrade soul and body. Their lives are a continual round of excitement. Cricket and football matches and horse-racing absorb the attention. The liquor curse, with its world of woe, is defiling the temple of God; but it brings a revenue into the public treasury: therefore it is legalized. By the use of liquor and tobacco men are debasing the life given them for high and holy purposes. Their practices are represented by wood, hay, and stubble. Their God-given powers are perverted, their senses degraded, to minister to the desires of the carnal mind.

The drunkard sells himself for a cup of poison. Satan takes control of his reason, his affections, his conscience. Such a man is destroying the temple of God. Tea-drinking helps to do this work. Yet how many there are who place destroying agencies on their tables.

No man or woman has any right to form habits which lessen the healthful action of one organ of mind or body. He who perverts his powers is defiling the temple of the Holy Spirit. The Lord will not work a miracle to restore to soundness those who continue to use drugs which so degrade soul, mind, and body that sacred things are not appreciated. Those who give themselves up to the use of tobacco and liquor do not appreciate their intellect. They do not realize the value of the faculties God has given them. They allow their powers to wither and decay.

God desires all who believe in him to feel the necessity of improvement. Every intrusted faculty is to be improved. Not one is to be neglected. As God’s husbandry and building, man is under his supervision in every sense of the word; and the better he becomes acquainted with his Maker, the more sacred will his life become in his estimation. He will not place tobacco in his mouth, knowing that it defiles God’s temple. He will not drink wine or liquor, knowing that, like tobacco, it degrades the whole being.

Christ gave his own life that men and women might be lifted above the cheap, common, perishable things of this world, to the life which measures with the life of God. But Satan has thrown his shadow athwart the pathway of thousands. He desires to darken the spiritual horizon by eclipsing the light shining from the throne of God. He is pleased when man uses his God-given powers in games and amusements, in selfish nothingness.

With his own life Christ has bought man, and given him a probation in which to work out his own salvation. God asks his children to live a pure, holy life. He has given his Son that we may reach this standard. He has made every provision necessary to enable man to live, not for animal satisfaction, like the beasts that perish, but for God and heaven. God is not satisfied when human beings live merely a selfish life. Christ died that the moral image of God might be restored in humanity, that men and women might be partakers of the divine nature, having escaped the corruption that is in the world through lust. We are to use no power of our being for selfish gratification; for all our powers belong to him, and are to be used to his glory. He who does nothing to glorify God might better never have been born. Those who live merely an animal life are by precept and example teaching others to leave eternity out of their reckoning.

The violation of a moral obligation which man owes to himself means robbery of God. Thus we work contrary to our highest interests, and utterly fail of representing God. The physical penalty of disregarding the laws of nature will appear in the form of sickness, ruined constitutions, and even death itself. But a settlement is also to be made by and by with God. He keeps an account of every work, whether it is good or evil, and in the day of judgment every man will receive according to his work. Every transgression of the laws of physical life is a transgression of the laws of God; and punishment must and will follow every such transgression.

The human house, God’s building, requires close, watchful guardianship. With David we can exclaim, “I am fearfully and wonderfully made.” God’s workmanship is to be preserved, that the heavenly universe and the apostate race may see that men and women are temples of the living God.

The perfection of character which God requires is the fitting up of the whole being as a temple for the indwelling of the Holy Spirit. The Lord requires the service of the entire being. He desires men and women to become all that he has made it possible for them to be. It is not enough for certain parts of the human machinery to be used. All parts must be brought into action, or the service is deficient.

A lawyer came to Christ with the question, “Master, what shall I do to inherit eternal life?” Christ placed the burden of the answer upon the questioner by asking him, “What is written in the law? how readest thou?” Before the whole multitude the lawyer replied, “Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy strength, and with all thy mind: and thy neighbor as thyself.” And Christ said, “Thou hast answered right: this do, and thou shalt live.” The whole being—heart, soul, mind, and strength—is to be used in God’s service. What is there left that is not devoted to God?

The physical life is to be carefully educated, cultivated, and developed, that through men and women the divine nature may be revealed in its fullness. God expects men to use the intellect he has given them. He expects them to use every reasoning power for him. They are to give the conscience the place of supremacy that has been assigned to it. The mental and physical powers, with the affections, are to be so cultivated that they can reach the highest efficiency. Thus Christ is represented to the world. By this painstaking effort man is qualified to co-operate with the great Master Workman in saving souls unto life eternal. This is why God intrusted us with talents,—that we might have life, eternal life, in the kingdom of heaven.

Is God pleased to see any of the organs or faculties he has given man neglected, misused,

or deprived of the health and efficiency it is possible for them to have? Then cultivate the gift of faith. Be brave, and overcome every practice which mars the soul-temple. We are wholly dependent on God, and our faith is strengthened by believing, though we can not see God’s purpose in his dealing with us, or the consequence of this dealing. Faith points forward and upward to things to come, laying hold of the only power that can make us complete in him. “Let him take hold of my strength, that he may make peace with me,” God declares; “and he shall make peace with me.”

THE LIGHT THAT IS FELT.

By John G. Whittier

A TENDER child of summers three, Seeking her little bed at night, Paused on the dark stair timidly. “O mother! take my hand,” said she, “And then the dark will all be light.”

We older children grope our way From dark behind to dark before; And only when our hands we lay, Dear Lord, in thine, the night is day, And there is darkness nevermore.

Reach downward to the sunless days Wherein our guides are blind as we, And faith is small, and hope delays; Take thou the hands of prayer we raise, And let us feel the light of thee!

—John G. Whittier.

OBJECT OF TITHING.

By Walter L. Black

WALTER L. BLACK.

(Solomonville, Ariz.)

God’s purpose in requiring a tenth of our income, as clearly set forth in both the Old and the New Testament, is for the support of the ministry and the advancement of his work in the earth.

During the Old Testament times the real work of God was placed upon the Levites. They were to give their life exclusively to the Lord’s work. In Num. 16:9 a statement is made to this effect: “The God of Israel hath separated you from the congregation of Israel, to bring you near to himself to do the service of the tabernacle of the Lord, and to stand before the congregation to minister unto them.” The Lord directly employed them, and made provision for their support. He paid them with his own money,—the tithe (Lev. 27:30),—which was due to him from the people. He says, “I have given the children of Levi all the tenth in Israel for an inheritance, for their service which they serve, even the service of the tabernacle.” Num. 18:21.

Some may say that this was the regulation of the Old Testament dispensation. I answer, Do we not have the same God and the same Jesus to serve as did Israel of old? True, there is much difference in the regulations of the services of the two dispensations; but the difference is always made clear by Holy Writ, when a change has been made from the old to the new. For example, the Jews manifested their faith by sacrificial offerings, suggesting the Redeemer to come; but when these types met their antitype in the death of Christ, was faith abolished?—No; the only things that ceased were the ceremonies and offerings by which they manifested their faith. This is expressly stated in Col. 2:11–18. Salvation by faith, the law of God, and all moral principles continue the same in this present dispensation.

Tithing is not a ceremony, and did not point forward to anything; hence it is one of those underlying principles of God’s truth that shall last as long as the work of God needs support in the earth. The obligation of tithing is just as binding upon the people of God to-day as in Old Testament times. It is true that professed Christians of to-day have rejected God’s way, and sought some other way, to support the ministry; but this does not destroy God’s plan, nor release anyone from obligation to accept it. If an honest tithe were paid by all who profess to be commandment-keepers, there would be no lack in the treasury to carry forward the message. How can we expect to see the work of God go with power till we quit robbing God? Neither may we expect to receive the outpouring of the Holy Spirit; for the Lord says plainly that the Holy Spirit is given to all who obey him. Acts 5:32.

In Israel’s time, at the temple there was a treasury, or special storehouse, kept for the Lord’s tithe; and from this treasury all the Levites received their support. The apostle Paul would make us see this clearly when he says, “Do you not know that they which minister about holy things live of the things of the temple? and they which wait at the altar are partakers with the altar?” 1 Cor. 9:13. This is the manner in which God’s ministers were supported in Old Testament times. Then he continues, in verse 14: “Even so [in like manner] hath the Lord ordained that they which preach the gospel should live of the gospel.”

This manner of supporting the ministry can not be disregarded by Christians. It is New Testament doctrine, and is witnessing to our acts in this respect, for or against us. To reject this teaching is to condemn ourselves. God’s Spirit, through Malachi, says: “Will a man rob God? . . . Wherein have we robbed thee? In tithes and offerings.” Mal. 3:8. How can anyone withhold from the Lord his own, and hinder the gospel work? How can we act upon the words of Jesus, “Pray ye therefore the Lord of the harvest, that he would send forth laborers into his harvest” (Luke 10:2), and yet withhold the Lord’s support from his ministers?

In these times, when the truth of God is languishing, and the Macedonian cry, “Come over, . . . and help us,” is sounding from every land, surely God’s people should awake and come up to the help of the Lord against the mighty.

The teaching of Christ is pertinent upon this subject also. He came to this world as a reformer, denouncing hypocrisy and every false way; saying, “Every plant, which my Heavenly Father hath not planted, shall be rooted up.” Matt. 15:13. He came, breaking down the wall of separation between Jew and Gentile, giving to the world one and the same great truth to guide them to eternal life. In denouncing the Pharisees, upon one occasion he said, “Ye tithe mint and rue and all manner of herbs, and pass over judgment and the love of God: these ought ye to have done, and not to leave the other undone.” Luke 11:42. In this he showed them that they were not consistent in their religious practices; and not only to them did he show this, but to all who should in any way follow their example. One duty can never supplant another. It takes both the greater and lesser duties to make one complete in Christ. He says, of the greater duties, These “ought ye to have done;” and of the lesser ones, Ye ought not to leave them undone.

Some may think from this that tithing is of lesser obligation than many other truths enunciated by Christ; but let us study further and see. In the text he is not speaking of tithing in general; but, to illustrate to their minds their

inconsistency, he begins with herbs, the minor things of the garden, things of the least value to sustain life. Mint, rue, and anise were used for seasoning food, or for medicinal purposes, and required a very small corner in the garden. In regard to tithing the least things of the garden, he says, “Ye ought not to leave it undone.” Since this is true of the least things to be tithed, how about the more important things, the produce of our labor in general,—the fruits, grains, and the increase of the herd,—things necessary to sustain the laborer in God’s employ?

Language can scarcely make tithing more obligatory upon all who follow the teachings of Christ than does the lesson of this text. In rejecting this important truth, many are as inconsistent as were the Pharisees. They then rejected mercy, judgment, and the love of God; to-day, professed Christians accept these, but will not render to the Lord his own in tithes.

REASON FOR TROUBLE IN CHURCHES.

By P. M. Howe

P. M. HOWE.

(Bostonville, Ontario.)

While visiting one of the churches recently, the writer found that every member had neglected to renew his subscription for the REVIEW. There was trouble among the members. Several, in fact nearly all, were in a low condition spiritually. None, not even the elder and the deacon, were acquainted with the present condition of things as far as the Third Angel’s Message goes. Nearly all were taking some local paper, so as to keep posted in regard to the war, etc. The Conference to which this church belongs is financially embarrassed. Most of the workers are canvassing in order to care for themselves, and to allow funds to accumulate for the work in new fields.

Now it is easy to see why Satan has got such a strong hold in this church. The REVIEW is a weekly preacher, sent by the Lord to keep his people up to the times. It should be in every home, and carefully read. The local weekly and daily papers might with profit be dispensed with; for the REVIEW will bring to everyone all the news that any Seventh-day Adventist needs to know, as far as the world is concerned. Then, besides, there are Sister White’s articles; the Sermon; Sowing for Health; Woman’s Work; editorials, etc., that are worth so much that no money value can be placed upon them. It is safe to say that if the members of our English-speaking churches would only take the REVIEW and study its pages week by week, there would be no fallings-out between brethren, no backsliders, no members who do not live the health reform, and none who do not pay their tithe.

If those who have recently accepted the truth will only stop to consider for a moment, they will see how they can subscribe for the REVIEW, and for all the rest of our good papers and magazines. Let them count the cost of tea and coffee, tobacco, and other useless and harmful things; count the money once spent in bad diet, and see if they can not afford to buy all our good papers.

Many, even in the country, take a daily paper that costs yearly from three dollars (twice the price of the REVIEW) to six dollars (four times the price of the REVIEW). These papers are poor reading for any family. Why not put the money into the REVIEW, and feed the mind with that which is good? Why spend our money for that which is not bread?

God has put it into the hearts of those who edit the REVIEW to put into its pages matter that is just fitted for our times. Now, if we read and practice its teachings, there can be no time nor place for failure. It will be said of all such, “Here are they that keep the commandments of God, and the faith of Jesus.” “Thou hast been faithful over a few things, I will make thee ruler over many things: enter thou into the joy of thy Lord.”

May God put it into the hearts of all to lay hold upon every means of strength, so we may grow up into him, our living Head. All who do will endure unto the end, and only those who endure will be saved.

HUMILITY

By C. H. Keslake

C. H. KESLAKE.

(New Brunswick, N. J.)

The hour has come. The Saviour, Christ, goes hence To God, his Father, and to glory, whence He’ll come again, his own to greet; But ere he goes, with heart and mind distressed, He sits with those he oftentimes has blessed, And condescends to wash their feet.

Pride fills their hearts: ambitious thoughts are rife Within each breast; and harsh, unholy strife Prevails when now their Lord they meet. Sad is the heart that beats for them in love, The angels weep, as, wondering, from above They see him wash his followers’ feet.

Great they would be! Not yet had they outgrown Their vain desires. With Christ on earthly throne They each alone would take their seat. True greatness now the blessed Lord would show— He girds himself, and meekly stooping low, He washes his disciples’ feet.

O loving Christ! with Holy Spirit blessed, Thou bringest now to men heaven’s blessedness In act of grace divinely sweet; Amazing love, vast as eternity, Our Lord, in matchless, true humility, Doth even wash the traitor’s feet.

And now he’s gone! No more his gentle voice They hear. But, Spirit-filled, they now rejoice; Their hearts with fervent impulse beat; For Christ again shall come in glory bright; Yes, even he who on that far-off night Did wash his loved disciples’ feet.

He’s coming soon! Wouldst thou with joy thy Lord Then greet? Be faithful to the Living Word, And let not Satan thee defeat. In all thy ways acknowledge him; And through the years, though bright or dim, Still humbly wash each other’s feet.

THE WORLD’S CRISIS.

By G. G. Rupert

G. G. RUPERT.

DURING the last fifty years events have passed in quick succession. The whole world has been astir. The pleasure-seeker has done all in his power to increase enjoyment. Excursions, operas, picnics, dances, games, and all kinds of enjoyable pursuits have been brought into use in the search for happiness. The money-maker has exercised all his power in accumulating wealth, and in devising plans whereby his work might be made a success, and his coffers filled. The inventor has also spent his restless hours in studying out the best uses of steam, electricity, etc., and in making all kinds of machinery. Neither has the soldier been by any means idle during this time. In fact, the world is like a seething mass, everyone seeking something new.

Nations, like individuals, have been busy in maintaining an existence, and accumulating power. Wars and rumors of wars have been the common order of things, being used as a means to settle some real or supposed difficulties existing between the powers. As in days of old, the question is, How many powers shall there be in the world? All nations are interested in this question, and are getting ready to settle it. Many believe China will be divided, but just how no one knows. How much each will get is also a question of the future.

That the Chinese question is one now to be settled there is no dispute. That it will be settled to the satisfaction of all is not probable. All the principal nations are involved; and as they control the whole world, it becomes a question of world-wide interest. The one who is acquainted with the way in which the Bible divides the world will be much interested in the division of China, which will undoubtedly take place. The crisis in this world’s history is here upon us, and will eventually decide the rulership of the world. Should it be adjusted, it will be only temporarily. As there is always a storm center in the atmosphere, so there is a war center in the world, and that center is now in China; not composed of just a few nations, but of the whole world. Hence, if ever the prophetic student should have his mind exercised, it is at this time; and if ever the people of God needed light, and a settled position on prophecy, it is now.

The time has come for us to have additional light on these things. The crisis is upon the world. What have we for the people? Can we begin to see how nations will fall in line for the great battle of Armageddon? The Scriptures say plainly that there will be three powers: “And I saw three unclean spirits like frogs come out of the mouth of the dragon, and out of the mouth of the beast, and out of the mouth of the false prophet. For they are the spirits of devils, working miracles, which go forth unto the kings of the earth and of the whole world, to gather them to the battle of that great day of God Almighty.” Rev. 16: 13, 14. Here the names are plainly given,—the dragon, the beast, and the false prophet.

All believers of the Third Angel’s Message believe the dragon to be a symbol of the pagan Roman government. Read Rev. 12: 1–6. This government ruled the world (Luke 2: 1), which at that time included Europe, Asia, and Africa.

In 538 A. D. the beast was established by the power of the dragon. The seat of government was at Rome, the territory was the ten kingdoms of the Western Empire of Rome, and the power to rule extended over this territory.

The false prophet is the United States, and its power extends to the very border of Asia.

The great city of Babylon is also divided into three parts: “And the great city was divided into three parts, and the cities of the nations fell: and great Babylon came in remembrance before God, to give unto her the cup of the wine of the fierceness of his wrath.” Rev. 16: 19. This makes a double threefold division of the world, if we may be permitted thus to speak. The latter division is paganism, Roman Catholicism, and apostate Protestantism.

These divisions must exist and act a part in the world’s crisis. The beast and the false prophet are awake, and ready for the conflict. The heathen are yet to be wakened. Joel 3: 11–13 says: “Assemble yourselves, and come, all ye heathen, and gather yourselves together round about: thither cause thy mighty ones to come down, O Lord. Let the heathen be wakened, and come up to the valley of Jehoshaphat: for there will I sit to judge all the heathen round about.” Japan is awake, China is now being wakened. The Turks are always ready. India is having her troops drilled. The dragon—paganism—controls two thirds of the population of the globe.

Ezekiel 38 tells us that Russia is to be a guard, or commander, to all these heathen powers of the dragon. That there must be an issue between these divisions is evident. There will be a settled issue between them, or the battle of Armageddon will never be fought.

□ The Turk and his territory is the last link in the prophecy of Daniel 11. Just before the final gathering of the nations, this prophecy closes, to give place to the three divisions of the world. This is the reason that the Turk comes to his end under the sixth plague. The Turk will then belong to the dragon. The seat of the dragon has been Constantinople ever since the city was built. Rome held the city at that time and till 1453 A. D. The Turks have held it ever since.

But Russia is to be the commander of the dragon power. Russia will no doubt control this seat in the last part of time. Thus we have clear, plain, and unmistakable language to prove the division of the world.

Now let the reader mark all the movements in the East on this basis, and later on he will clearly see the issue between these powers. The powers in each of these divisions will eventually stand as a whole, yet separate, in each division here given. And still further, they will stand, the East against the West.

God has covered the whole ground in his word. Let us watch it closely at this time.

The Golden Rule and True Courtesy

“THE golden rule is the principle of true courtesy, and its truest illustration is seen in the life and character of Jesus.”

CHRIST FIRST OF ALL.

By Thomas Stephens

THOMAS STEPHENS.

(Galena, Kan.)

In a report of a medical missionary convention held in Chicago, I find these sentences: “Tell the people how they can be saved. Do not spend time in talking doctrine to them. When you have once led them to Christ, he can teach them the rest.” “We must use wisdom and good sense. The people need Christ and the simple gospel. Let us give it to them, and not spend all our time on doctrine.”

Such utterances have a deeper importance than is at first apparent. When one is deeply convicted, and bowed down with a burden of guilt for his past sins, all the doctrine necessary for the immediate condition is the forgiveness of sins, a reconciliation with God—a being born again. After this the doctrine can be given in proportion to the ability to receive.

We are told to be temperate in all things, yet we often see overzealous persons crowd around one who has just “stepped into the light,” and so cram the poor victim with special doctrines that he becomes surfeited and confused. If, perchance, he survives such intemperance, it takes considerable time and study to gain spiritual health. Therefore we find many to-day in our church, who, instead of being teachers, and living on the strong food of the Word, are weaklings, living on milk, simply because of the surfeiting of doctrine in the beginning of their spiritual career.

To illustrate: We held a prayer-meeting at the house of a Baptist, who had gone back to the beggarly elements of the world, but who wished to return to his “first Love.” Several of the brethren insisted on “presenting the doctrines.” So he was told of the investigative judgment now going on, of the perilous times in which we are living, and of the soon coming of Christ—all at one time. The man was confused, and is still out of Christ—and out of the doctrine, too.

There is a time for all things; a time for every purpose under heaven. We may know the doctrines; these are all good, if the soul first has Christ. But doctrines without Christ lead to destruction. “But seek ye first the kingdom of God, and his righteousness; and all these things shall be added unto you,” are the words of Christ. Let us heed them.

S. O. JAMES

By S. O. James

GOD values all souls equally, having paid the same price for each one. His great gift to the race is of equal value to all, and needs only appreciation and appropriation.

S. O. JAMES

Sowing for Physical and Spiritual Health

By David Paulson; W. S. Sadler

David Paulson & W. S. Sadler

MILK.

(Continued.)

MILK, THE GERMS’ PARADISE.

Many do not fully understand why milk should be so favorable a medium for the growth and development of germs. A simple illustration will undoubtedly make the matter clear. If we place meat on one plate and fruit on another, the same microbes will fall on both. Those germs that flourish on the meat, and cause it to decay, will starve to death on the fruit, because it does not furnish them the proper food substance. Each tribe of germs needs some special food substance. Milk contains so many different food elements that it is possible for quite a variety of germs to flourish in it. More than fifty different kinds of germs have been found in a single specimen of cow’s milk. The germs that naturally thrive on flesh food can live upon the proteids, or casein, of milk. Those that feel at home in butter can live upon the fat globules of milk. Those that cause fermentation of sugar find an inviting field in working upon the same substance in milk.

Some one has said that Herod slew his hundreds, but the feeding bottle has slain its thousands. When it is not kept properly sterilized, germs that secrete virulent poisons gather on the rubber nipple and tubing, which become virtually a paradise for germs. It is absolutely wrong to attempt to rear a child on a bottle unless special pains is taken daily to sterilize the bottle and all its fixtures, so that the child’s life shall not be endangered in this method of feeding.

Average milk is undoubtedly, and without any exception, the filthiest food that is eaten; for, from the moment it leaves the cow until it finds its way to the table, it is liable to contamination. Investigating this question, Professor Conn found that the milk of Boston contained one hundred and thirty-five thousand germs to the ounce. In a certain Western city, another investigator found sixty million germs to the ounce, in the milk sold in open market. Milk sold in European cities has been found to contain even a much higher percentage of microbes, in some instances as high as one hundred and fifty million in an ounce. Thus milk often becomes a messenger of death to the human race. There is scarcely any other food substance that is known habitually to have as many dangerous germs and various toxins, as milk.

SOURCES OF MILK CONTAMINATION.

1. The Cow Herself.—The curse of disease, which is everywhere resting heavily upon the human race, seems also to be shared largely by those animals that have been closely associated with man. To all human appearances, the strictly healthy cow will soon be as great a rarity as the absolutely healthy man now is. That dread disease, tuberculosis, which is at present responsible for the death of one third of all persons who die between the ages of fifteen and sixty, is affecting cattle to a greater

degree than any other disease. The Board of Live Stock Commissioners of Illinois estimated that of the sixty thousand cows supplying milk to Chicago, twenty thousand are affected with this disease; and when the milk from these is mixed with that from the supposedly healthy ones, as is generally the case, naturally it all becomes contaminated.

Unfortunately, tuberculosis seems to be more frequent in the high-bred animals than in the ordinary common stock. These animals are bred close in order to produce good milkers, and thus they lose to a certain extent the physical resistance which they would otherwise have. Some of the most famous herds have been examined, and in the majority of them as high as fifty per cent had tuberculosis. About four years ago, the State of New York spent fifty thousand dollars in attempting to stamp out this disease among the cattle of that State, but without any noticeable effect.

Many have consoled themselves with the suggestion that if the mammary glands were not affected, the tuberculosis in other parts of the cow’s body could not affect the milk. While such milk would undoubtedly not contain the real, active germs of the disease, it would contain more or less of the peculiar poison known as “tuberculin,” which is the product of these germs. If this poison is injected into a cow which already has tuberculosis in any part of its body, in a few hours there will be a marked rise in temperature. This fact has made it a valuable test for tuberculosis in cattle.

A very practical lesson may be drawn from this. Thousands of children have some form of latent tuberculosis, which, with greatest care and best feeding, they will undoubtedly outlive; but if the milk upon which they are daily fed contains tuberculin, it has a tendency to fan into active life this disease. If tuberculin is injected into a consumptive, in a few hours he will have a marked rise of temperature, thus giving a practical demonstration of the principle that has just been stated in reference to infants.

With these evidences all about us, it is plain that food should be found to take the place of milk, even though at first sight it may seem more expensive; for disease, coffins, and funerals are even more expensive than proper though expensive food.

2. Contamination while Milking.—The milk from a healthy cow is perfectly sterile; but there is always a little milk left at the end of the teat, upon which germs flourish. This furnishes the first source of contamination.

Next, the cow in the barn usually has chaff, dust, and other substances, on her back, which often gradually fall into the milk bucket while the milking proceeds. To the milkman or the milkmaid this does not seem a serious matter, as they know that careful straining will remove it all; but the germs and the particles of dust and filth adhering to these substances, pass through the strainer, and help to make up a part of the dangerous constituents of ordinary milk.

Often the cows that supply milk to the large cities are fed upon slops from the breweries. They are kept in close, ill-ventilated quarters, and their bodies are scarcely cleaned at all. Frequently they are literally covered with filth, and this becomes another most serious source of contamination. There is a marked inconsistency between the beautiful landscape painting on the average dairy wagon and the horrible streaks of filth that accumulate on the hands of the milker during the process of milking; for it is only too true that the thoroughly cleanly milkman or milkmaid is an exception, rather than the rule.

3. Contamination during Subsequent Handling.—A common cause of contamination is the practice of adding water as a means of adulteration, the water used being neither sterilized nor filtered. Whole epidemics of typhoid fever have been traced to this cause alone.

(a) Infected Cans.—Some milkmen take great pains to scald their milking utensils, but many merely rinse them in water that is actually filthy. In a great outbreak of typhoid fever, it was found that only those who had patronized a certain dairy were affected. Upon investigation, the health officers found that the cows were kept clean, but that the milkman daily rinsed his cans at a neighbor’s well, which had become infected from the stools of a typhoid-fever patient.

(b) Infection by Germs.—Some of the characteristic flavors of milk and butter are only the products of bacterial life. It has been recently found that the peculiar flavor which has made the milk and butter of some sections of the country famous, is due to the productions of special germs which flourish in that region. Enterprising milkmen in other parts of the country have secured growths of these germs, and inoculated their respective grades of milk with the same, and thus have been able successfully to compete with those farmers who supposed that the peculiar flavor was due to their beautiful clover meadows.

In addition to the germs that produce the souring of milk, there occasionally develops in cheese, and sometimes in ice cream, a very dangerous product, which was first isolated and described a few years ago by Dr. Vaughan, of the University of Michigan, and named by him “tyrotoxicon.” This poisonous substance has been the cause of many deaths, and numerous cases of severe illness.

(c) Chemical Preservatives.—Unscrupulous milkmen, in order to preserve the milk fresh for a greater length of time than they otherwise could, and to avoid the necessity of sterilizing the same, resort to the practice of adding salicylic acid, boric acid, and similar preservatives. All these drugs have a more or less harmful effect on the human system.

(d) General Adulteration.—The commercial process of condensing milk affords a good opportunity to deprive it of some of its most nutrient qualities, and put in their place cheap substitutes. Out of fourteen samples of condensed milk which were examined, it was found that eleven had most of the fat removed. The bulk of some varieties of condensed milk is largely made up of cheap sugar.

Copyrighted, 1900, by David Paulson and W. S. Sadler.

Why Panama Hats Are Misnamed

By the way, why should they be called Panama hats? Panama never had anything to do with them except as a distributing point in the trade. They are plaited in Central America and Colombia, but the chief center of the industry is in Manavi Province, Ecuador, where they originated nearly three centuries ago, and where the finest straw hats in the world are still made. If they were called Manavi hats, the name would be historically correct, and not misleading like the present appellation.—N. Y. Sun.

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