THOUGHTS ON THE REVELATION.
THE symbols under the first four seals, at least, show the spirit of the periods covered by them. Verses 1, 2. And I saw when the Lamb opened one of the seals, and I heard, as it were the noise of thunder, one of the four beasts, saying, Come and see. And I saw, and behold, a white horse: and he that sat on him had a bow; and a crown was given unto him: and he went forth conquering, and to conquer. The white horse denotes the purity of faith, and consequently of life, of the first ministers and followers of Jesus Christ. This seal probably covers the period of the Ephesus church of chap. ii, 1-7. The conquests of the gospel during that period are here represented. Verses 3, 4. And when he had opened the second seal, I heard the second beast say, Come and see. And there went out another horse that was red; and power was given to him that sat thereon to take peace from the earth, and that they should kill one another; and there was given unto him a great sword. The red horse denotes blood and carnage, and has reference to those times of persecution of the followers of Jesus Christ, covering much of the period called the ten persecutions, the same as the Smyrna church of chap. ii, 8-11. Verses 5, 6. And when he had opened the third seal, I heard the third beast say, Come and see. And I be-held, and lo, a black horse; and he that sat on him had a pair of balances in his hand. And I heard a voice in the midst of the four beasts say, A measure of wheat for a penny, and three measures of barley for a penny; and see thou hurt not the oil and the wine. The black horse denotes error and darkness, the opposite of that symbolized by the white horse. The events under this seal cover the period of the Pergamos church, chap. ii, 12-17, from Constantine, A. D. 313, to the unlimited rule of the Papacy, A. D. 538. On this seal Wm. Miller, Lectures, p. 181, remarks as follows: "When the church became connected with worldly power and wisdom, she lost her purity of doctrine and practice, and adopted in her creed maxims and principles congenial with the natural heart, and forms and ceremonies for show and parade, rather than the humbling and cross-bearing life of the followers of Jesus. The balances denoted that religion and civil power would be united in the person who would administer the executive power in the government, and that he would claim the judicial authority both in church and state. This was true among the Roman emperors, from the days of Constantine until the reign of Justinian, when he gave the same judicial power to the bishop of Rome. The measures of wheat and barley for a penny denote that the members of the church would be eagerly engaged after worldly goods, and the love of money would be the prevailing spirit of the times, for they would dispose of anything for money. The oil and wine denote the graces of the Spirit, faith and love, and there was great danger of hurting these, under the influence of so much worldly spirit. And it is well attested by all historians that the prosperity of the church in this age produced the corruptions which finally terminated in the falling away, and setting up the anti-Christian abominations." Verses 7, 8. And when he had opened the fourth seal, I heard the voice of the fourth beast say, Come and see. And I looked, and behold, a pale horse; and his name that sat on him was Death, and hell followed with him. And power was given unto them over the fourth part of the earth, to kill with sword, and with hunger, and with death, and with the beasts of the earth. The rider upon the pale horse is named Death. Hell, the grave, followed with him. The symbols under this seal denote great persecution, and martyrdom of the church. The period of this seal cannot be mistaken. It must have been during the unlimited, unrebuked, unrestrained, persecuting rule of the Papacy, from about A. D. 538, to the time when the reformers commenced their work of exposing the corruptions of the Papal system. Verses 9-11. And when he had opened the fifth seal, I saw under the altar the souls of them that were slain for the word of God, and for the testimony which they held: and they cried with a loud voice, saying, How long, O Lord, holy and true, dost thou not judge and avenge our blood on them that dwell on the earth? And white robes were given unto every one of them; and it was said unto them, that they should rest yet for a little season, until their fellow-servants also and their brethren, that should be killed as they were, should be fulfilled. It seems proper that a period of time should be given to the events under the fifth seal, the same as the other six, which time, it may appear evident from the following remarks, was from the rise of the reformation to near the time when civil power was taken from the Papacy. 1. It is evident that these souls were not in heaven when John had this vision, from the fact that they had not been born. A. Barnes makes the following remarks in reference to this subject: "We are not to suppose that this literally occurred, and that John actually saw the souls of the martyrs beneath the altars—for the whole representation is symbolized; nor are we to suppose that the injured and the wronged in heaven actually pray for vengeance on those who wronged them, or that the redeemed in heaven will continue to pray with reference to things on the earth; but it may be fairly inferred from this that there will be as real a remembrance of the wrongs of the persecuted, the injured and the oppressed, as if such prayer were offered there; and that the oppressor has as much to dread from the divine vengeance as if those whom he has injured should cry in heaven to the God who hears prayer, and who takes vengeance. The wrongs done to the children of God, to the orphan, the widow, the down-trodden, to the slave and the outcast, will be as certainly remembered in heaven as if they who are wronged should plead for vengeance there, for every act of injustice and oppression goes to heaven and pleads for vengeance. Every persecutor should dread the death of the persecuted as if he went to heaven to plead against him; every cruel master should dread the death of his slave that is crushed by wrongs; every seductor should dread the death and the cries of his victim; every one who does wrong in any way should remember that the sufferings of the injured cry to heaven with a martyr's pleadings, saying, 'How long, O Lord, holy and true, dost thou not judge and avenge our blood?'" 2. The scenes which John was viewing were upon the earth, hence, in the absence of proof that any other altar is meant, it seems a necessary conclusion that John saw the place of slaughter of the church of God by Papal Rome, where the earth has drunk up the blood of martyrs slain, under the figure of an altar of sacrifice. 3. These slain are represented as crying to God to have their blood avenged on them that dwell on the earth, the same as the voice of Abel's blood from the ground, Gen. iv, 9, 10; or the cry of the stone from the wall, and the answer of the beam out of the timber, Hab. ii, 11; or the cry of the hire of the laborer, James v, 4. If it be said that these souls must be in conscious being in heaven in order to cry, then we reply, that Abel's blood, the stone and the beam, and money, are also conscious, as they are all represented as crying. But, really, if these souls are in heaven in the participation of fullness of joy, and pleasures forevermore, why are they represented as crying for vengeance on those who cut short their mortal life with all its woes, and hastened them to the enjoyment of the perfect bliss of heaven? 4. The Scriptures sometimes attribute life, action, intelligence, and personality, to inanimate objects to show how God regards those connected with those objects, hence the unconscious slain are represented as crying from beneath the altar of Papal sacrifice. Justice, long trampled in the dust, now cries for judgment and vengeance on the Papacy which was spilling the blood of the church of Jesus Christ. Luther and his associates were imbued with the spirit of this cry which went up from the earth that had drunk the blood of millions of the martyrs of Jesus slain, and they exposed the corruptions of the Papacy, which trembles before the reformers, and in A. D. 1798 was stripped of its civil authority. Thus the blood of the martyrs was avenged on those that dwelt on the earth. This has no reference to the final judgment and punishment of the wicked; but refers to the change in the condition of the Papacy. "He that leadeth into captivity shall go into captivity; he that killeth with the sword must be killed with the sword." Chap. xiii, 10. 5. White robes were given to every one of them. They had been denounced by the Papacy as vile heretics, and executed as such, and thus their character had been robed in darkness. But the Reformation exposed the crimes of the Papacy, turned the seals, vindicated the cause of the holy martyrs of Jesus, and clothed them with white robes. Hence, the sermons, the prayers, and songs of praise of the Christian church, have held these millions of the slain for Jesus' name, forth to the world in spotless purity. 6. They were to rest yet a little season, until their fellow-servants and brethren should be killed as they had been. We stated that the opening of this seal commenced when the reformers began to expose the Papacy, and vindicate the cause of the martyrs. But the cry of justice was not answered at once. Time must be given to bring about these grand events. Their cause must rest yet for a little season. For notwithstanding the influence of the Reformation, the Papacy clothed with authority to punish heretics, did put to death more of the followers of Jesus. This done, the little season, or the period of the fifth seal, closed. Verses 12-17. And I beheld when he had opened the sixth seal, and lo, there was a great earthquake; and the sun became black as sackcloth of hair, and the moon became as blood; and the stars of heaven fell unto the earth, even as a fig-tree casteth her untimely figs when she is shaken of a mighty wind. And the heaven departed as a scroll when it is rolled together; and every mountain and island were moved out of their places. And the kings of the earth, and the great men, and the rich men, and the chief captains, and the mighty men, and every bond man, and every free man, hid themselves in the dens and in the rocks of the mountains; and said to the mountains and rocks, Fall on us, and hide us from the face of him that sitteth on the throne, and from the wrath of the Lamb; for the great day of his wrath is come, and who shall be able to stand. The events of the first five seals have been described in a style highly figurative; but with the sixth seal there seems to be a complete change to the narration of literal facts. The events under this seal are, 1. A great earthquake, which, probably, was the great earthquake at Lisbon, in 1755, in which 20,000 persons were killed. The Encyclopedia Americana states: "It extended from Greenland to Africa and America." 2. The sun became black as sackcloth of hair, which was the same as the darkening of the sun, Matt. xxiv, and was fulfilled in the wonderful dark day of May 19, 1780. See Exposition of Matt. Twenty-four, advertised in the Review and Herald. 3. The moon became as blood. The night following the dark day, the moon, when visible at all, looked like blood. 4. The stars of heaven fell unto the earth, which is the same as the falling stars of Matt. xxiv, and had a wonderful fulfillment Nov. 13, 1833, as described by John, of which thousands now living were eye-witnesses. 6. Mountains and islands will be moved out of their places. The voice of God that shakes the heavens will also shake the earth. Mountains will be thrown down, and islands sunk. The earth's surface will be broken up to prepare the way for 7. All classes of the lost to hide in the dens and in the rocks of the mountains from the burning glory then being manifested of Him that sitteth on the throne, and from the wrath of the Lamb. They have witnessed the shaking of the earth, the casting out of the rocks of the mountains; all hope of mercy is gone, and they desire and pray that some rock or mountain may cover them from the awful glory of God and the Lamb.