Dagon Fallen Before the Arkby emmanuel_higgins

1 Samuel 5:2

When the Philistines took the ark of God, they brought it into the house of Dagon, and set it by Dagon.

This belongs to the history of 1 Samuel 3-7, when Samuel remained true to Heaven amid surrounding evil, while the sins of Eli and his sons shut out the presence of God's Holy Spirit, and the message of condemnation to the house of Eli became Samuel's commission as a prophet of the Most High.
The Philistines brought the captured ark of God into the house or temple of Dagon and set it beside Dagon, the Philistine idol.
The temple where this took place was Dagon's temple at Ashdod.

They did this because they thought they had captured Israel's powerful God as a trophy to stand beside their own god.
They also expected the power they associated with the ark to join itself to Dagon's power and make them invincible.
They also believed their victory over the ark meant they were now safe from Israel.

God had not wholly cast aside Israel and would not long allow the heathen to triumph over the captured ark.
He had used the Philistines as His instrument to punish unfaithful Israel, and He then used the ark itself to punish the Philistines.
In this way God often employs His bitterest enemies to punish the unfaithfulness of His professed people; the wicked may triumph for a time while Israel suffers chastisement, but they too must meet the sentence of a holy, sin-hating God, and wherever iniquity is cherished swift and unerring divine judgments will follow.
Though Israel had lost the ark because of its unfaithfulness, the divine presence that had made the ark the strength, salvation, power, and glory of obedient Israel still attended it in Dagon's house.
The ark was not a charm or an ordinary object and gave no power to the Philistines; to those who obey God's law it brings strength, but to the disobedient and wicked transgressors of His holy law it brings terror, punishment, destruction, and death.

Dagon was humbled before the ark: the idol was found fallen face down before it the next morning, fell repeatedly, and was later found mutilated.
This showed that the Lord's presence remained with the ark, that the living God is above every heathen god, that Dagon could not stand before the God of Israel, and that idols are powerless before Him.
Calamity and affliction followed the ark from place to place among the Philistine cities that held it, angels guarded it from harm, and the Philistines became afraid even to touch it or keep it near them, so they removed it from the temple.
They recognized that the hand of the God of Israel was against them and their god because they had taken what belonged to Israel.