Deuteronomy 31:28
Gather unto me all the elders of your tribes, and your officers, that I may speak these words in their ears, and call heaven and earth to record against them. Gather unto me all the elders of your tribes, and your officers, that I may speak these words in their ears, and call heaven and earth to record against them.
Moses gathered all the elders of the tribes and their officers together to hear his solemn final charge. That charge called them to deal justly and righteously in their religious offices and to faithfully obey all the instructions God had given through him. In calling heaven and earth to record against them, he took heaven and earth as witnesses that he had faithfully instructed and warned them. That witness meant that if they should afterward depart from God and transgress His commandments, he would be clear of blame and they would bear accountability for departing from the guidance given to them.