Exodus 21:1

Now these are the judgments which thou shalt set before them.

The verse introduces the judgments that God gave to Moses to set before Israel. This instruction was given on Mount Sinai and is to be obeyed. It includes special directions given by Jesus Christ. God commanded Moses to write these judgments and laws.

Unlike the Decalogue, these additional judgments were delivered privately to Moses for him to communicate to the people, while the Ten Commandments were proclaimed publicly by God. The commands so introduced continue through Exodus 22 and Exodus 23. They were given as additional precepts because the minds of the people, blinded and debased by slavery, were not prepared to fully appreciate the far-reaching principles of the ten precepts.

They illustrate, explain, and apply the principles of the Ten Commandments so that its obligations could be more fully understood, observed, and enforced. By making those principles specific, they guard the sacredness of the Ten Commandments and show how they apply to duties toward God, toward one another, and toward strangers, so the people would not mistake or neglect what is required. They regulate dealings with one another, guard against injustice, guard the interests of God's people, express God's impartial and exalted requirements, and include specific care for the poor.

They are to be strictly obeyed, and the laws in chapters 21 and 22 plainly enjoin keeping God's law, so that whoever keeps it in truth and righteousness obeys every command. If all read these commandments carefully and obeyed them, the condition of things now seen in the world would not exist.