Salute all them that have the rule over you, and all the saints. They of Italy salute you.
The verse distinguishes those who have the rule from all the saints as two groups to be saluted within the believing community. That distinction shows the believing body included leaders placed over it alongside the general membership. The injunction to salute both upholds the order of an organized church and bears directly on church organization and obedience. The verse also conveys a greeting from those in Italy to its recipients. That reference to Italy is a distinctively Pauline form of salutation and stands as evidence that Paul wrote the epistle to the Hebrews.
The verse distinguishes those who have the rule from all the saints as two groups to be saluted within the believing community. That distinction shows the believing body included leaders placed over it alongside the general membership. The injunction to salute both upholds the order of an organized church and bears directly on church organization and obedience. The verse also conveys a greeting from those in Italy to its recipients. That reference to Italy is a distinctively Pauline form of salutation and stands as evidence that Paul wrote the epistle to the Hebrews.