Isaiah 10:9

Is not Calno as Carchemish? is not Hamath as Arpad? is not Samaria as Damascus?

Isaiah 10:9 stands in the first division of the book, chapters 1 to 39, which holds the prophecies and historical accounts belonging to the time when Isaiah was at work among the rulers and the people as God's messenger to the nation. That division is made up of separate prophecies put forth singly at different times and on different occasions and afterward gathered into one collection, yet they remain distinct from one another. This is unlike chapters 40 to 66, which belong to his later years and look wholly to the future, to deliverance from Babylonian captivity under the monarch Jehovah would send and to deliverance from sin and error through the Messiah. Within that first division the verse is part of a prophecy against Assyria. It belongs to a historical account of an Assyrian campaign in Judah, not to an ideal or imaginary invasion, the campaign being that of Sargon, with the comparison of conquered cities forming part of that history.

The chapter to which the verse belongs is one of strife, war, and wickedness, set in contrast with the peace and righteousness portrayed in Isaiah 11. The boastful listing of city after city shows that wide dominion does not make a ruler independent of God, for even a mighty king is an instrument in the Lord's hands and remains accountable to Him. The reproofs of sin in this chapter serve as types of like conditions in the last days, standing alongside the promise of great deliverance at Christ's coming.