James 2:18

Yea, a man may say, Thou hast faith, and I have works: shew me thy faith without thy works, and I will shew thee my faith by my works.

The challenge is that faith cannot be seen apart from actions, but it can be seen through actions, so what a person does makes faith visible. Faith and works belong together and are dead when alone, for faith alone is not enough and works alone are not sufficient, but united they accomplish much. Mere profession or words alone is dead and profits nothing, and even intellectual assent that Jesus is the crucified and risen Redeemer does not save or transform, since demons also believe and tremble yet remain unjustified. Genuine saving faith lays hold on Christ as the sin-pardoning Saviour, trusts His atoning sacrifice, works by love, purifies the soul, and produces outward fruit in a transformed, Christlike character. Living faith cannot save apart from obedient works, yet works do not earn salvation but are its fruit, and faith is made complete and the believer counted righteous as faith acts in obedience, as Abraham was justified when he offered Isaac upon the altar.

Language and Challenge

The challenge is direct: show faith without works is impossible, but show faith by works is possible, because actions make faith visible. A bare claim in words proves nothing, and profession of love for truth that produces no effort or giving for its advancement is dead and not made complete. What is relied on from God's Word necessarily produces good works, and those works reveal, endorse, justify and confirm the faith professed. True faith is therefore proved by works, while faith without works is dead and cannot save.

The same teaching is that a person is justified by works and not by faith only, for faith works together with works and is made perfect by works, as when Abraham was justified by works in offering Isaac his son upon the altar. This refutes the doctrine of faith and faith only which claims perfect holiness comes instantly by only believing, with no further effort required and with release from obligation to keep the commandments. Genuine faith is not presumption claiming the favor of Heaven without complying with the conditions upon which mercy is granted, but has its foundation in the promises and provisions of Scripture and brings into harmony with the law of God, which expresses His nature and will and shows what is well pleasing to Him. Faith in Christ does not release anyone from obedience to God's law.

The call is for earnest effort and faithful action in the present time, reading the Word to purpose and acting out its instruction, reasoning from cause to effect, showing greater wisdom, and without delay doing the needed work of personal reformation. God is displeased when professed believers show criticism and hindrance instead of helping works. Acting as critics, increasing discouragements, tearing to pieces the God-appointed work in Nashville and the South, having no interest in that field, zealously keeping back needed means and circulating reports that turn means into other channels, is called robbery by God and will be judged. Looking into the divine mirror means not forgetting what is seen.

Faith and works belong together and each is dead if alone. Faith alone is not enough, nor are works alone sufficient, but united they can accomplish much. Works do not save; they are the fruit of faith, and living faith reveals itself in action. Faith and obedience are the conditions of salvation, requiring cooperation of the human with the divine in receiving the gift of eternal life from Christ. No one is at liberty to fold the hands and do nothing, for it is utterly impossible to be saved in indolence and inactivity, since winning eternal life involves constant conflict.

Faith is the inward working of the Holy Spirit in the heart, and works are the outward demonstration of practical godliness in daily life, the eternal law of right practiced every day. The proof of heart-love is obedience to words and commandments, and all who love study the words and eat the flesh and drink the blood by living and acting in constant submission to the will. Loyalty and truth to the Sabbath as the sign of government carries truth to every principle in the Decalogue, with responsibility for every soul who bears that sign and title as heir of God and joint-heir with Jesus Christ to an inheritance incorruptible, undefiled, and that fadeth not away. Works show the value and quality of faith, and faith that holds fast produces active obedience to the Lord's will, and then the Holy Spirit can work the person. If faith and works are not in harmony, blessing cannot come as it would, and the person cannot rise to be representative.

Works correspond with faith and make it complete and perfect, sustaining it and giving proof of its presence rather than merely accompanying a claim. Claimed faith must be shown by works, for works make faith visible. Faith is living only when it is acted on, and a living faith is always shown through action. Belief in the promises therefore means trusting the word and making efforts in keeping with that trust, rather than waiting for a change or relying on feelings. Faith must be lived out in action, otherwise it is dead, and it is made complete as a person bears difficulties, endures what is uncomfortable, and acts by reason and judgment rather than being ruled by feelings or inclination, resting the case in God's hands.

Actions show the faith professed, and faith must shape a serious life of service to God and efforts to save others. Genuine faith is made visible by works, and works prove and correspond to faith. Abraham's works showed his living faith, and faith working with his works was made complete; his belief was counted as righteousness, and he was called God's friend. Faith is not a claim to favor apart from obedience to the conditions of mercy, but rests on Scripture's promises and provisions and acts in keeping with them.

The verse is practical instruction to be brought into daily conduct and character building. It gives health principles of righteousness to be brought into the daily life, into the daily course of action, and into character building, as part of the great remedy for the diseases of body and soul. Heeded day by day with Christ exercising His grace in large measure, it brings prosperity, brings heaven very near, makes the place of work a place where angels delight to come, brings happiness of spirit, causes the believer to see salvation, opens the heart to righteousness, makes a tower of strength, and leads to triumph at last with the overcomers. A claim to faith cannot be demonstrated apart from the actions that express it, so believers in Jesus Christ are to obey God's law and practice the truth in daily life, and studying the chapter calls them to discover and do the work God has given them.

True and False Faith

A bare claim to faith proved by words alone is dead, has no saving virtue, profits nothing, and cannot save, for faith without works, being alone, is dead. It is like saying to a naked and hungry brother or sister, be warmed and filled, without giving the things needed for the body, and speaking and doing are to be as those who shall be judged by the perfect law of liberty, where judgment without mercy falls on the one who showed no mercy, while mercy rejoices against judgment. A profession of love for the truth that produces no effort or giving for its advancement is not made complete by works, so Christian benevolence in giving and sacrificing to carry truth to others gives visible evidence of genuine faith, and only living faith saves. A profession dishonored by contrary conduct testifies that the person is not acquainted with God and is not obedient to Christ's will, for genuine faith is made evident through love expressed in works.

Mere intellectual assent is not saving faith: agreeing that Christianity is the only hope for perishing souls and believing the facts of the gospel, that Jesus Christ is the world's Redeemer, that He was crucified and rose, does not save, does not transform character, and does not justify. Even demons and Satan with his angels have that kind of belief and tremble, yet remain unjustified, and such faith without works leaves a person unchanged, carnal, ruled by evil passions, still able to serve Satan and bring reproach on Christ, and it does not trouble Satan. Belief that does not lead to good works and imitation of Christ's self-denying life is only profession, while genuine faith is shown through a life that follows Christ.

Genuine saving faith repents, lays hold upon Christ as the sin-pardoning Saviour, trusts in the atoning sacrifice, accomplishes its work in the receiver, transforms the character by the Holy Spirit, works by love, purifies the soul from selfishness, and produces fruit. Its outward works show inward piety and Christlikeness, spring from faith in God's Word, reveal themselves in action, and are expressed in words, actions, obedience, and practical results in a life determined to follow Christ, and faith that produces no such works is false. Works do not save, for they are the fruit of faith, yet living faith reveals itself in action, and faith and obedience are the conditions of salvation requiring cooperation of the human with the divine in receiving eternal life from Christ. Faith is not meant to excuse neglect of duty or to make the soul passive, for looking to Christ begins rather than ends the struggle to overcome corrupt and sinful habits, and God connects the salvation and eternal life of believers with these works which are the fruit of His Spirit and serve the spread of truth to all peoples.

Genuine faith is not presumption that claims the favor of Heaven without complying with the conditions upon which mercy is granted. It has its foundation in the promises and provisions of the Scriptures, rests on them, acts in keeping with them, brings a person into harmony with the law of God, and is made visible through its fruit in obedience, while claiming God's promises while disregarding His commands and failing to do Christ's works is spurious faith.

Living faith is living only when it is acted on, sustained and made complete by works, and always shown through action, so belief in God's promises means trusting His word and making efforts in keeping with that trust rather than waiting passively for a change. It must be lived out, for otherwise it is dead and cannot be demonstrated apart from works, and no one is at liberty to fold the hands and do nothing. Works make faith complete as a person bears difficulties, endures what is uncomfortable, and acts by reason and judgment rather than being ruled by feelings, inclination, difficulty, or pressure, resting the case in God's hands, and when people do the work God gives them their working faith gives courage and hope, increases, and they advance in the divine life.

Professed faith cannot be shut up unseen like perfume in a box or bottle, for the measure and quality and value of faith is known by works and by the fruits borne. Works reveal conversion and show the difference between faith and unbelief, piety and ungodliness, and liberality and selfishness. True faith lights up the way through darkness and the shadow of death, making the life heavenly-minded and full of talk of heaven and heavenly things, and it is joined with humble sincerity and obedience, calling for self-examination and humility rather than confidence in being spiritually whole. This evidence is not reason for boasting or claiming superior piety but the light believers are to reveal, for faith that holds fast produces active obedience to the Lord's will so the Holy Spirit can work the person, and if faith and works are not in harmony God cannot bless as He would and the person cannot rise to be representative; humble faith makes people obedient and able to claim God's promise, whose forgiveness sustains even the weakest spiritual life, while works also matter in the coming judgment when each receives according to deeds done in the body.

Salvation Justification and Judgment

Faith without works is dead, being alone, and cannot save, for mere profession without works profits nothing, like telling a naked and hungry brother or sister to be warmed and filled without giving what the body needs. Only living faith saves, and that faith is proved and shown by faithful action, including the responsible use of entrusted means and a powerful influence for truth. No one is at liberty to fold the hands and do nothing, for it is utterly impossible to be saved in indolence and inactivity, since winning eternal life involves constant conflict.

A person is justified by works and not by faith only, for faith works together with works and is made perfect by works. Abraham was justified by works when he offered Isaac his son upon the altar, and his belief was counted as righteousness, with faith working with his works made complete, so that he was called God's friend. Works do not save and are not the ground of salvation, for salvation is accomplished by Christ alone who redeems from sin's penalty, yet they are the fruit of living faith which reveals itself in action, and salvation cannot be separated from them. Faith and obedience are the conditions of salvation, requiring cooperation of the human with the divine in receiving the gift of eternal life from Christ, as those saved by Him use what they have to serve others and please God rather than working for self alone.

Good or evil works are the sure fruit of faith and the criterion by which people are judged, deciding eternal destiny, and this does not conflict with justification by faith. Speaking and doing are to be done as by those who shall be judged by the perfect law of liberty, where he shall have judgment without mercy who showed no mercy, and mercy rejoices against judgment. In the day of final judgment every person will be judged according to the deeds done in the body, when nothing will remain but the character formed and the law of God as its measure, and all will be seen to be either righteous or unrighteous. At that judgment the use of abilities, time, words, money, influence, and entrusted truth will be examined, and works done from love, including small acts that others may overlook, are valuable to God and are accepted and rewarded by Him.

God connects the salvation and eternal life of believers with obedient works that are the fruit of His Spirit and serve the spread of truth, with genuine faith made visible through obedience and expressed in words and actions that produce practical results. Faith must be made perfect by works before believers can grow in grace and flourish, for merely saying I believe while living contrary to that profession does not justify faith. When people do the work God gives them their faith increases and they advance in the divine life, and as they live out their faith they grow in grace and in knowledge of the truth. The call to show faith by works refutes the doctrine of faith and faith only that claims perfect holiness comes instantly by only believing with no further effort required and with release from obligation to keep the commandments.

Obedience to God's Law

Faith in Christ does not release anyone from obedience to God's law, for the law expresses His nature and will and shows what is well pleasing to Him. Genuine faith is not presumption that claims Heaven's favor without complying with the conditions upon which mercy is granted, but has its foundation in the promises and provisions of Scripture and brings a person into harmony with that law. The verse refutes the doctrine of faith and faith only that claims perfect holiness comes instantly by only believing with no further effort required and with release from obligation to keep the commandments. Abraham's works showed his living faith, with faith working with his works made complete, his belief counted as righteousness, and he was called God's friend. Continued obedience to the Ten Commandments illustrates that faith in Christ does not make obedience unnecessary, while reliance on ceremonies after their meaning was fulfilled was merely formal.

Saving faith is inseparable from obedience, so claiming God's promises while disregarding His commands and failing to do Christ's works is spurious faith and presumption. A person who yields the will to God shows by example and conduct that God rules the life, and willing obedience to God's requirements brings present and eternal happiness while disobedience brings sorrow. Merely professing to keep God's commandments and dwelling on the importance of obeying God's law is not that faith when a person fails to work righteousness and walks against God's law. God sends messengers to warn such professors and turn them to paths of righteousness, but those without this working, purifying faith refuse to heed God's warnings.

Believing God's promises means obedient action, turning away when His Word condemns a habit, feeling, or spirit, letting Jesus cleanse and sanctify the heart, and confessing faults and forsaking them wholly and determinedly. The sincerity of prayer for divine help to resist evil is shown by earnest efforts to obey God's law. Whatever God's will and Word require must be done, because neglecting it is incompatible with being a Christian, and God's goodness is displayed in His will with His Spirit working through the truth to make it a sanctifying power that can save the soul. Truth has power only when it is made the rule of life and carried out in practice, and when Bible truth is woven into practical life it lifts the mind from earthliness and debasement.

Christ abiding in a person is made evident through works of righteousness and obedience to God's commandments. True love for God always manifests itself in keeping His commandments in truth and revealing the same love Christ revealed for His Father and for fellow men. A life that shows the law written in the heart represents Christ and shows the mind of Christ by doing the works of Christ, revealed in character, in work for the household of faith and for those who need to be brought to the truth, in loving words and deeds of mercy, and in acting out the law as a living, vital principle rather than holding it in a merely theoretical way. Faith is the inward working of the Holy Spirit in the heart, and works are the outward demonstration of practical godliness in daily life, the eternal law of right practiced every day, with proof of heart-love for Christ in obedience to His words and commandments. Loyalty and truth to the Sabbath as the sign of God's government carries truth to every principle in the Decalogue, and God is responsible for every soul who bears that sign, giving title as heir of God and joint-heir with Christ to an inheritance incorruptible, undefiled, and that fadeth not away. If present truth makes no decided change in character it is of no value, leaving one like salt that has lost its savor with no saving, redeeming qualities to manifest to the world.

Taking the path of obedience makes a person's faith visible, while hesitating to obey weakens the witness of that faith. A claim to holiness has no foundation when the person knowingly breaks God's commandments.

Biblical Examples and Parallels

Abraham's works showed that his faith was living, for faith worked together with his works and was made complete by them, his belief was counted as righteousness, and he was called God's friend. Genuine faith is thus made visible by works, which prove faith and correspond with it, while faith without works is dead, and faith in Christ does not release anyone from obedience to God's law. Israel's obedience at the Passover proved faith in the promised deliverance, when they put the blood on the doorposts and gathered their families inside their houses in keeping with God's directions. Salvation is by faith and not by works, yet faith must be shown through obedience, by turning from sin and obeying God and by cooperating with the saving help He provides, since Christ alone redeems from the penalty of sin.

Noah's consistent actions in harmony with the warning he preached demonstrated his faith and condemned the world, for he remained faithful amid surrounding evil and his conduct gave evidence of his faith. Faithful sentinels likewise defend the truth, warn and plead with others, and demonstrate faith through a life of moral integrity. Believers must practice the lessons they teach, for had Noah not lived and worked in harmony with his message, his works would not have justified him. God's people in the last days repeat ancient Israel's failure, for like ancient Israel they have received great light and privileges but do not live up to the light they have or value those privileges. They are not awake and are not showing their faith by their actions, but follow their own judgment instead of God's counsel, so that their light becomes darkness.

Practical Works of Faith

Christian benevolence gives visible evidence of faith, so a profession of love for the truth that produces no effort or giving for its advancement is dead and not made complete by works. Faith is shown by using entrusted money to answer calls for God's work and the salvation of souls, and neglecting those calls reveals unfaithful and slothful stewardship. Withholding entrusted means while claiming it as one's own contradicts faith, and only living, working faith saves. Giving and sacrificing to help carry the truth to others testifies to belief, and such good works can influence others for the truth. The true Christian's support for the cause of truth shows faith in action, including using unrighteous mammon to make friends so as to be received into everlasting habitations and sustaining the work in God's vineyard for souls for whom Christ left heaven, riches and glory and became poor by humiliation and sacrifice to bring sons and daughters of Adam to God.

Showing faith by works includes practical, self-denying support for the publishing work through prayer, giving, personal labor, and investment of means to spread the message. Ministers and people show faith in God's cause through zeal, interest, and practical support, while small faith accompanied by little work leaves the cause weak. Faith is shown by caring for others, seeking opportunities to help and save them at home or in far-off places wherever there is opportunity, praying with and for them, showing unbelievers kindness and love, and witnessing through both words and example and teaching. A claim to serve God is contradicted by indifference and self-interest, and faith in the present-truth message must be joined to accepting and carrying out the responsibility it brings, including proclaiming the third angel's message.

Faith is shown by a life that follows Christ in self-denial, while belief in Jesus, His crucifixion, and His resurrection without changed conduct is only profession that leaves a person unchanged and does not trouble Satan. Such belief alone does not save, since Satan and his angels also believe and tremble, and those who claim faith while remaining carnal and ruled by evil passions can still serve Satan and bring reproach on Christ. Genuine conversion is shown by honest dealings with others, faithfulness in everyday work, using one's abilities and talents in gratitude in the Master's service, with self-denial, sacrifice, and following Christ's example testifying to conversion and giving others evidence of a true Christian life. Words, dress, and actions should honor God and make a clear distinction between a Christian and the world, and living faith in Christ's coming affects character and gives holy influence, leading others to recognize that the person has been with Jesus. Parents show faith by living according to Christ's teachings rather than worldly customs, keeping children from worldly influences, teaching them Christ's meekness, simplicity, self-denial, and sacrifice, and using means to advance God's work.

In caring for the sick, faith and works go hand in hand, for faith cannot be demonstrated apart from action while works make faith visible. Faith includes prayer joined with practical help and faithful service, while right habits of living and health reform prepare the way for prayer to be answered. Such care can relieve the afflicted and fit them to glorify God and be saved at Christ's coming, with the worker depending on God rather than relying on human ability alone. The verse is practical, giving health principles of righteousness to be brought into daily life, daily course of action, and character building, and heeded day by day with Christ exercising His grace in large measure it brings prosperity, brings heaven very near, makes the place of work a place where angels delight to come, brings happiness of spirit, causes the believer to see the salvation of God, opens the heart to righteousness, makes a tower of strength, and leads to triumph at last with the overcomers.

Faith must be proved by works, and God is displeased when professed believers show criticism and hindrance instead of helping works. The verse rebukes acting as critics, increasing discouragements, tearing to pieces the God-appointed work in Nashville and the South, having no interest in that field, zealously keeping back needed means and circulating reports that turn means into other channels, which God calls robbery and will judge. It calls for looking into the divine mirror and not forgetting what is seen, reading the Word to purpose and acting out its instruction, reasoning from cause to effect, showing greater wisdom, and without delay doing the needed work of personal reformation instead of hindering. Genuine faith is made visible by unselfish, practical support for those God has chosen to bear the heaviest burdens in His cause, without jealousy toward them, with consecration to God and real love for the truth bearing fruit in personal interest in the success and advancement of God's work and in sharing burdens, including sustaining the publishing work. Where such works are lacking faith is not shown and loss follows, as the Rochester believers' failure to put selfishness and jealousy aside and commit themselves to God and the truth contributed to the publishing office being moved from Rochester.

Faith is made visible through action in supporting the church, with members of every age and circumstance including those with little to give showing faith by doing what they can with self-denial and zeal. Old and young, parents and children, and both rich and poor show faith by giving with self-denial to help free the church from debt, and the pledge to help purchase land was a work that demonstrated faith and fulfilled a sense of duty. Though God cannot be seen with the natural eye, people reveal faith and honor for Him through respectful, reverent conduct, respect, deference, and Christian courtesy shown in actions, including preparing a place for worship that reflects the sacred character of the truth and making God first. The church's use of resources should match its warning that Christ's coming is near, for lavish buildings testify against that belief while simple buildings and humble work leave resources to reach people who have not been warned. Works that fit the faith proclaimed can impress others with the message and lead them to testify to their own faith.

Showing faith by works means refusing secret confidences, partnerships, and binding alliances that give supremacy to those who do not love God and do not keep His commandments. It means seeking earnestly to keep sympathy and harmony with those of like faith, living as a branch of the true Vine, being one in Christ in practical sympathy with His mission and work to save souls from their sins and not in their sins, and standing with the children of obedience and light rather than siding with sinners. It requires appreciating and loving what Christ loves, keeping saints one in sympathy as Christ is one with the Father, refusing to draw apart from God's chosen ones and work against Christ's prayer while linking in bonds with unbelievers, and excluding all bitterness, evil thinking, and uncharitableness to be bound together in unselfish love. Faith is demonstrated by works, not merely by words or professed interest in the truth, so conduct in trade must represent belief and seeking personal advantage through sharp dealing or allowing another to be cheated contradicts it and harms God's cause.

Trusting God for recovery to health must be joined with action that sustains faith, rather than folding the hands and doing nothing. Faith and works are to be used together and faith is expressed and made evident through action, so recovery is expected when a person has faith and sustains it by works, with faith joined with action helping bring recovery and a return to service. God's commandment-loving people testify to the world of their faith by their works, for faith is made visible through what they do. Faith is not made strong by long-continued preparation and exclusive devotion to study and books, which absorbs the mind, weakens faith, and breaks constant communion with God, but is made strong by trusting God's power and proving it in active work, with those preparing for service doing less exhaustive studying and showing faith by going out to labor. Those works include teaching children meekness, simplicity, self-denial, and sacrifice.

Practical sympathy for the poor, distressed, and sick, including tangible help for a struggling widow, applies the call to show religion through works of sympathy. Only living, working faith can lift medical missionary workers to the heights they must reach, requiring leaders to allow no confusion with a clear, definite understanding of what medical missionary work includes. Medical missionary work must stand on an altogether higher, sanctified plane and accomplish results of a much more sanctified order before God endorses it as genuine, and those who honor God must not mingle worldly policy plans with His plans in accomplishing what this work is ordained of God to accomplish. The daily evidence that believers are a living church is seen in practicing the Word in consistent Christian action, with justification by faith in Christ made manifest in transformation of character. This living testimony is the sign to the world of the truth of the doctrines professed, declaring to an apostatized world that there is a people whose safety is in clinging to the Bible and the Bible alone as the rule of faith and practice, in unmistakable distinction from the great apostate church which puts human wisdom and authority in place of the wisdom and authority of God.

Those who serve God according to present truth and the third angel's message show faith by accepting its responsibilities, proclaiming it, and testifying by faith and works that the coming Saviour is near. Accepting the truth as a theory without taking up the responsibility it brings is not enough, but believers show faith through active, earnest service in carrying out God's work. A profession of faith must be matched by a life and character shaped by it, with those who have received truth following its light, purifying their lives from sin, living sanctified lives, and living in a way that shows they are on the Lord's side in preparation for the final crisis. Mere assent to the third angel's message without living in harmony with it is not sufficient, for a sanctified life makes faith evident and the effort to live a sanctified life reveals that indulgence of appetite is a snare. Genuine faith must be lived out in practice, with faith, conduct, and life consistent and its value made evident by its fruit, and the grace represented by oil in the lamp accompanying faith.