Joshua 14:5

As the LORD commanded Moses, so the children of Israel did, and they divided the land.

As the Lord had commanded Moses, so the children of Israel did, and they divided the land. The division was the allotment of the Promised Land among the tribes in keeping with that command. That allotment gave the twelve tribes descended from Jacob's twelve sons their place in the land of Canaan.

The chapter belongs to the section of Joshua that records the distribution of the land among the tribes. That account is based on written documents that accurately described the property. The division and settlement of the land extends through chapters 11 to 21 of Joshua.

The verse occurs in the account of Caleb receiving his reward. In that setting Caleb claimed the mountain of Hebron despite its Anakim. His military service and inheritance are presented as consistent with wholly following the Lord. At eighty-five he said his strength for war was unchanged from when he was forty.

By leading the people through the Jordan and dividing the land, Joshua set them on the way to conquer their foes and enter the promised rest. Israel's lack of faith and slowness are noted within that account of division and settlement.