Romans 9:5

Whose are the fathers, and of whom as concerning the flesh Christ came, who is over all, God blessed for ever. Amen.

The patriarchal heritage is named as one of the privileges belonging to the Israelites. From them, in human descent, came Christ, Mary's son descended from David according to the flesh. That same declaration sets him forth as over all, Lord and God blessed forever. His real humanity does not cancel his divinity, for as the Word he existed from eternity as the Son of God, one with the Father before creation.

His lordship over all means he lives and remains Lord even in the face of death. As creator and mediator of the covenant, he is the one through whom people of every nation may be blessed. All these privileges belonged to the people whose failure to recognize Jesus as the promised Messiah grieved Paul.