Scripture References

Pacific Seventh-day Adventist Publishing Association · Oakland, California · Feb 21, 1878

Scripture References.

SPIRIT IN THE NEW TESTAMENT.

The word spirit is translated from pneuma, which occurs 385 times, and is rendered ghost, spirit, wind, and life, as follows:—

Spirit. The word spirit in the New Testament is from the word pneuma, in every instance; so we need not give the 291 instances of its occurrence, as the reader will know whenever he meets this word that it is from this original.

Ghost. Matt. i, 18, 20; iii, 11; xii, 31, 32; xxvii, 50; xxviii, 19; Mark i, 8; iii, 29; xii, 36; xiii, 11; Luke i, 15, 35, 41, 67; ii, 25, 26; iii, 16, 22; iv, 1; xii, 10, 12; John i, 33; vii, 39; xiv, 26; xix, 30; xx, 22; Acts i, 2, 5, 8, 16; ii, 4, 33, 38; iv, 8, 31; v, 3, 32; vi, 3, 5; vii, 51, 55; viii, 15, 17, 18, 19; ix, 17, 31; x, 38, 44, 45, 47; xi, 15, 16, 24; xiii, 2, 4, 6, 52; xv, 8, 28; xvi, 6; xix, 2, twice, 6; xx, 23, 28; xxi, 11; xxviii, 25; Rom. v, 6; ix, 1; xiv, 17; xv, 13, 16; 1 Cor. ii, 13; vi, 19; xii, 3; 2 Cor. vi, 6; xiii, 14; 1 Thess. i, 5, 6; 2 Tim. i, 14; Titus iii, 5; Heb. ii, 4; iii, 7; vi, 4; ix, 8; x, 15; 1 Pet. i, 12; 2 Pet. i, 21; 1 John v, 7; Jude 20. Total, 92 times.

“It may be worth remarking,” says Parkhurst in his Greek Lexicon, “that the leading sense of the old English word ghost is breath; that ghost is evidently of the same root with gust of wind; and that both these words are plain derivatives from the Hebrew, to move with violence; whence also gush, etc.”

Wind. John iii, 8.

Life. Rev. xiii, 15 [margin, “breath”].

Pneuma is defined by Robinson to mean, “1. A breathing, breath, breath of air, air in motion. 2. The spirit of man, i. e., the vital spirit, life, soul, the principle of life residing in the breath breathed into man from God, and again returning to God.” So also Liddell & Scott, Parkhurst, and Greenfield.