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Third Woe, Two Covenants, and Everlasting Covenant

What is the third woe, and when did it begin?

AdventAI

What is the third woe

AdventAI

The third woe is identical to the sounding of the seventh trumpet in the Book of Revelation, which commenced in 1844 and signifies a period of significant global calamities, culminating in the end of earthly woe and sin.

Understanding the Third Woe

The Bible describes a series of seven trumpets, with the last three explicitly designated as "woe" trumpets due to the severe events associated with their sounding. The first woe corresponds to the fifth trumpet, and the second woe to the sixth trumpet. The second woe concluded on August 11, 1840, an event that marked the end of the Ottoman Empire's independent existence as prophesied.

Following the second woe, the third woe is prophesied to come "quickly." Revelation 11:14. This term "quickly" indicates a short, ascertainable period between the sixth and seventh trumpets. During this brief interval, the mighty angel of Revelation 10 delivers a significant message globally. Revelation 10:1-11. This angel declares that "there should be time no longer," referring to the end of prophetic time, which concluded in 1844. Revelation 10:6.

Events Under the Third Woe

The seventh trumpet, and thus the third woe, covers all future woes on earth from its commencement. Its sounding is marked by "great voices in heaven, saying, The kingdoms of this world are become the kingdoms of our Lord, and of His Christ; and He shall reign forever and ever." Revelation 11:15.

Key events that unfold during the sounding of the third woe include:

  • God's Wrath and Judgment: The nations become angry, and God's wrath comes, signifying the time for the dead to be judged. Revelation 11:18. This period involves terrible calamities and distress among nations.

  • Reward for the Righteous: During this time, God rewards His servants—the prophets, saints, and all who fear His name, both small and great. Revelation 11:18.

  • Destruction of the Wicked: Those who destroy the earth will themselves be destroyed. Revelation 11:18. The seven last plagues, which constitute the third woe, are poured out upon the living wicked, leading to their final destruction.

  • Opening of God's Temple and the Ark: The temple of God is opened in heaven, and the ark of His testament is seen. This is accompanied by lightnings, voices, thunderings, an earthquake, and great hail. Revelation 11:19.

The sounding of the seventh trumpet also coincides with the finishing of the "mystery of God." Revelation 10:7. This signifies the completion of all prophecies concerning Christ's kingdom and the full establishment of God's reign.

The Ultimate End of Woe

The third woe extends through significant events, including the pouring out of the seven last plagues and the great time of trouble. It culminates with the second death, where all sorrow and sin are forever vanquished, and the redeemed Earth is made new, a place where affliction will not rise again.

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  56. GNT 128.1The Great Nations of To-dayAlonzo Trevier Jones
  57. EVRR312An Enduring Vision - Revelation RevealedAustin Cooke
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  61. SYNPT 169.3Synopsis of the Present TruthUriah Smith
  62. TBI 5.2The Biblical InstituteUriah Smith
  63. ATNM 83.1Angels: Their Nature and MinistryJoseph Harvey Waggoner
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  65. OFH1 14.4Our Faith and Hope, No. 1James Springer White
  66. RDAC 56.3Refutation of the Doctrine Called The Age to ComeJoseph Harvey Waggoner
  67. AERS 219.1The AtonementJoseph Harvey Waggoner
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  70. WHT 7.2A Wonderful and Horrible ThingCharles Fitch
  71. SC3 208.2[Sabbath Controversy #3] A Vindication of the Seventh-day Sabbath, and the Commandments of GodJoseph Bates
  72. ARSH February 23, 1860, page 105.12Advent Review, and Sabbath Herald, vol. 15James Springer White
  73. GNT 115.4The Great Nations of To-dayAlonzo Trevier Jones
  74. MWV2 202.2Miller’s Works, vol. 2. Evidence from Scripture and History of the Second Coming of Christ about the YearWilliam Miller
  75. WDUS 91.2A Written Discussion ... Upon the SabbathJoseph Harvey Waggoner
  76. ARSH November 22, 1853, page 157.7The Advent Review, and Sabbath Herald, vol. 4The Advent Review and Sabbath Herald
  77. LIFIN 213.5Life IncidentsJames Springer White
  78. TMR 115The Three Messages of Revelation 14:6-12John Nevins Andrews
  79. ARSH September 11, 1900, page 584.17The Advent Review and Sabbath Herald, vol. 77Alonzo Trevier Jones
  80. JEO 93.2The Judgment. Its Events and Their OrderJohn Nevins Andrews
  81. TMR 116.2The Three Messages of Revelation 14:6-12John Nevins Andrews
  82. TMR 124.1The Three Messages of Revelation 14:6-12John Nevins Andrews
  83. LIFIN 261.1Life IncidentsJames Springer White
  84. TAR 119.4The Three Angels of Revelation 14:6-12John Nevins Andrews
  85. TAR 128.1The Three Angels of Revelation 14:6-12John Nevins Andrews
  86. ARSH April 17, 1855, page 210.13The Advent Review, and Sabbath Herald, vol. 6The Advent Review and Sabbath Herald
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  89. SSP 208.2The Story of the Seer of PatmosStephen Nelson Haskell
  90. KJV — Revelation 11:19King James VersionKing James Ist
  91. ARSH March 27, 1856, page 205.10The Advent Review, and Sabbath Herald, vol. 7The Advent Review and Sabbath Herald
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  94. SSP 392.5The Story of the Seer of PatmosStephen Nelson Haskell
  95. ARSH September 18, 1855, page 42.8The Advent Review, and Sabbath Herald, vol. 7The Advent Review and Sabbath Herald
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  97. ARSH February 25, 1862, page 99.12Advent Review, and Sabbath Herald, vol. 19James Springer White
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  99. ARSH March 22, 1860, page 144.5Advent Review, and Sabbath Herald, vol. 15James Springer White
  100. ARSH November 3, 1859, page 185.4Advent Review, and Sabbath Herald, vol. 14Uriah Smith
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  103. 20LtMs, Lt 311, 1905, par. 26Letters and Manuscripts — Volume 20 (1905)Ellen Gould White
  104. EVRR548An Enduring Vision - Revelation RevealedAustin Cooke

what are the two covenants

AdventAI

The two covenants, the old and the new, are central to God's arrangement for saving humanity, and they are distinct yet related systems of divine service. These covenants are often discussed in the Bible, particularly in the book of Hebrews, where their characteristics and relationship are clearly delineated.

The Old Covenant

The old covenant, also referred to as the "first covenant," was established with the people of Israel at Mount Sinai after their departure from Egypt. It was formed as a mutual agreement between God and Israel concerning the ten commandments. This covenant was ratified by the blood of a sacrifice. Exodus 24:6-8

Key aspects of the old covenant include:

  • A Worldly Sanctuary and Ordinances: The first covenant was associated with a "worldly sanctuary" and "ordinances of divine service." Hebrews 9:1 These ordinances included various sacrifices, meats, drinks, and washings, which were imposed until "the time of reformation." Hebrews 9:9-10

  • Dependence on Human Obedience: The old covenant rested on the promises of the people to obey God's law. Exodus 19:5-8 Its promises were conditional, depending solely on the efforts of the people. If they broke any condition, God could not fulfill His promise to them.

  • Faulty and Temporary: The first covenant was considered "faulty" because its provisions were not ample enough to meet the emergency that arose when the people broke God's law. Hebrews 8:7 It was a "ministration of condemnation" and "death" because it exposed sin without providing a perfect way to take it away. Romans 3:20 Its services could not make individuals perfect concerning the conscience. Hebrews 9:9

  • Passage and Abolition: The old covenant "waxed old" and was "ready to vanish away." Hebrews 8:13 Its system, including the Aaronic priesthood and ceremonial law, has passed away, being superseded and abolished by Christ.

The New Covenant

The new covenant is the "second covenant" that God promised to make with the house of Israel and Judah. Jeremiah 31:31 It is established through Christ, who is its Mediator. This covenant is "better" than the first because it is founded on "better promises." Hebrews 8:6

Key aspects of the new covenant include:

  • Christ as High Priest and Sanctuary: Under the new covenant, Christ is our High Priest, ministering in a "true tabernacle" in heaven, which "the Lord pitched, and not man." Hebrews 8:1-2 This heavenly sanctuary, the "heavenly Jerusalem," is the counterpart to the earthly tabernacle of the old covenant. Hebrews 11:10

  • God's Law Written in Hearts: A primary promise of the new covenant is that God will put His laws into the minds and write them in the hearts of His people. Jeremiah 31:33 This signifies an internal transformation, bringing believers into obedience and subjection to God's law through faith. Romans 8:4

  • Forgiveness of Sins and Grace: Unlike the old covenant, the new covenant offers the remission of sins and provides strength through God's grace. Hebrews 8:12 It secures pardon through the sacrifice of Christ's blood. Luke 22:20

  • Everlasting and Unchanging: The new covenant is called "the everlasting covenant," ratified by Christ's blood at Calvary. Hebrews 13:20 Its validity dates back to Abraham, as it was confirmed in Christ long before the Sinai covenant. Galatians 3:17

Relationship Between the Covenants

While distinct, the old and new covenants are profoundly interconnected. The old covenant served as a "schoolmaster" to bring people to Christ, revealing their need for a Savior due to their inability to perfectly keep the law. Galatians 3:24 The ceremonial law of the old covenant provided types and shadows that pointed forward to Christ's sacrifice and ministry under the new covenant. Hebrews 9:9

The transition from the old covenant to the new is marked by the death of the Testator, Jesus Christ, making the new covenant fully effective. Hebrews 9:15-17

In essence, the new covenant is a fulfillment and development of the Abrahamic covenant, providing the forgiveness and enabling grace that the old covenant, due to human failure, could not.

Sources · 82
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  3. TDOC 89.2The Doctrine of ChristWilliam Warren Prescott
  4. PTJW August 1849, page 11.5The Present Truth, vol. 1S.N. Haskell, Wm. Ings, J.H. Durland
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  25. SSW 23.6The Sabbath-School WorkerEllet Joseph Waggoner
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  31. PSDS 103.2The Perpetuity of the Seventh-day SabbathJoseph Harvey Waggoner
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  36. SDSNA 25.4The Seventh Day Sabbath Not AbolishedJames Springer White
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  42. BIAD 153.3Bible AdventismJames Springer White
  43. PSDS 79.2The Perpetuity of the Seventh-day SabbathJoseph Harvey Waggoner
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Was the everlasting covenant given in Eden

AdventAI

Yes, the everlasting covenant was indeed given in Eden. It was first made with humanity in Eden after the fall, when God gave the divine promise that the "seed of the woman" would bruise the serpent's head, which was the first revelation of the eternal plan of salvation.

This promise of a Redeemer, Jesus Christ, was the initial expression of God's everlasting covenant with humanity. It offered pardon and God's assisting grace for future obedience through faith in Christ, and also promised eternal life on the condition of fidelity to God's law.

Here are some key points about the everlasting covenant's origin in Eden:

  • Foundation of the Gospel: The everlasting covenant, also known as the covenant of grace, is synonymous with the everlasting gospel. It existed in God's mind from all eternity, indicating that the plan of salvation was not an afterthought but was in place before the creation of the world.

  • Promise of Deliverance: The core of this covenant in Eden was the promise of deliverance from sin and its consequences through the "seed of the woman," referring to Christ. This promise has been continuously fulfilling throughout history.

  • Path to Restoration: This covenant ensures that those who believe in Christ will be restored to paradise and have access to the tree of life and immortality, which was lost after Adam and Eve's disobedience.

  • Basis for Redemption: The death and resurrection of Christ completed and sealed the everlasting covenant of grace, fulfilling every condition necessary for God to freely extend grace, mercy, peace, and love to all of humanity.

The everlasting covenant is a continuous thread throughout the Bible, linking Paradise lost to Paradise restored, and it is through this covenant that all of God's blessings come to fallen humanity.

Sources · 34
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  28. FEE 251.1From Eden to EdenJoseph Harvey Waggoner
  29. 7BC 933.6EGW SDA Bible Commentary, vol. 7Ellen Gould White
  30. 7ABC 465.3EGW SDA Bible Commentary, vol. 7AEllen Gould White
  31. BEcho July 23, 1900, par. 11The Bible EchoEllen Gould White
  32. EVCO 6.2The Everlasting CovenantEllet Joseph Waggoner
  33. ARSH May 29, 1855, page 236.9The Advent Review, and Sabbath Herald, vol. 6The Advent Review and Sabbath Herald
  34. ARSH April 5, 1860, page 154.2Advent Review, and Sabbath Herald, vol. 15James Springer White