Scripture References

Pacific Seventh-day Adventist Publishing Association · Oakland, California · Mar 14, 1878

Scripture References.

SPIRIT IN THE OLD TESTAMENT.

SPIRIT is translated from two Hebrew words, n'shah-mah and roo-agh. The following is their complete use:—

N'shah-mah. This word occurs in the Old Testament twenty-four times, and is translated in five different ways, viz.:—

Breath. Gen. ii, 7; vii, 22; Deut. xx, 16; Josh. x, 40; xi, 11, 14; 1 Kings xv, 29; xvii, 17; Job xxvii, 3; xxxiii, 4; xxxiv, 14; xxxvii, 10; Ps. cl, 6; Isa. ii, 22; xxx, 33; xlii, 5; Dan. x, 17.

Blast. 2 Sam. xxii, 16; Job iv, 9; Ps. xviii, 15.

Spirit. Job xxvi, 4; Prov. xx, 27.

Soul. Isa. lvii, 16.

Inspiration. Job xxxii, 8.

N'shah-mah is defined by Gesenius as follows: "1. Breath, spirit, spoken of the breath of God, i. e. the wind, b the breath, breathing of his anger. 2. Breath, life, of man and beasts. 3. The mind, intellect. 4. Concr. living thing, animals."

Roo-agh occurs in the Old Testament 442 times, and is translated in sixteen different ways, as follows:—

Spirit. We do not give the instances in which this word is rendered spirit, both because they are very numerous, and because the word spirit in the Old Testament is in every instance from this word, except Job xxvi, 4, and Prov. xx, 27, in which cases it comes from n'shah-mah.

Wind. Gen. viii, 1; Ex. x, 13, twice, 19; xiv, 21; xv, 10; Num. xi, 31; 2 Sam. xxii, 11; 1 Kings xviii, 45; xix, 11, thrice; 2 Kings iii, 17; Job i, 19; vi, 26; vii, 8; ii; xv, 2; xxviii, 25; xxx, 15, 22; xxxvii, 21; Ps. i, 4; xviii, 10, 42; xxxv, 5; xlviii, 7; lv, 8; lxxviii, 39; lxxxiii, 13; ciii, 16; civ, 3; cvii, 25; cxxxv, 7; cxlvii, 18; cxlviii, 8; Prov. xi, 29; xxv, 14, 23; xxvii, 16; xxx, 4; Eccl. i, 6, twice; v, 16; xi, 4; Isa. vii, 2; xi, 15; xvii, 13; xxi, 18; xxvii, 8; xxxii, 2; xli, 16, 29; lvii, 13; lxiv, 6; Jer. ii, 24; iv, 11, 12; xiii, 13; x, 13; xiii, 24; xiv, 6; xviii, 17; xxii, 22; xlix, 32, 36, twice; li, 1, 16; Eze. i, 4; v, 2, 10, 12; xii, 14; xiii, 13; xvii, 10, 21; xix, 12; xxvii, 26; xxxvii, 9, thrice; Dan. viii, 8; xi, 4; Hos. iv, 19; viii, 7; xii, 1, twice; xiii, 15, twice; Amos iv, 13; Jonah i, 4; 8; Zech. ii, 6; v, 9. Total, 97 times.

It is also rendered cool, Gen. iii, 8; quarters, 1 Chron. ix, 24; side, Jer. lii, 23; Eze. xlii, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20; and vain, Job xvi, 3; literally, wind in each case.

Breath. Gen. vi, 17; vii, 15, 22; 2 Sam. xxii, 16; Job iv, 9; ix, 18; xii, 10; xv, 30; xvii, 1; xix, 17; Ps. xviii, 15; xxxiii, 6; civ, 29; cxxxv, 17; cxlvi, 4; Eccl. iii, 19; Isa. xi, 4; xxx, 28; xxxiii, 11; Jer. x, 14; li, 17; Lam. iv, 20; Eze. xxxvii, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10; Hab. ii, 19. Total, 28 times.

Smell. Ex. xxx, 38; Gen. viii, 21; xxvii, 27; Lev. xxvi, 31; Deut. iv, 28; Job xxxix, 25; Ps. cxv, 6; Amos v, 21. Total, 8 times. Also, toucheth, Judg. xvi, 9; understanding, Isa. xi, 3; accept, 1 Sam. xxvi, 19; margin of each, smell.

Mind. Gen. xxvi, 35; Prov. xxix, 11; Eze. xi, 5; xx, 32; Hab. i, 11. Total, 6 times.

Blast. Ex. xv, 8; 2 Kings xix, 7; Isa. xxv, 4; xxxvii, 7. Total, 4 times.

Tempest. Ps. xi, 6.

Anger. Judg. viii, 3.

Courage. Josh. ii, 11.

Air. Job xli, 16.

Roo-agh is defined by Gesenius thus: "1. Breath, a breathing, blowing, i. e., a breath of the nostrils, b breath of the mouth, c breath of air, in motion. 2. The vital breath, spirit, life, the principle of life as embodied and manifested in the breath of the mouth and nostrils, spoken of men and beasts. 3. The rational soul, mind, spirit. a As the seat of the affections, emotions, and passions of various kinds. b In reference to the disposition, the mode of feeling, and acting. c Of will, counsel, purpose."